Kusukela ngawo-50 isikhwama sokuqala se-polyethylene singena emakhaya ethu, ukuthembela kwethu kulokhu kusanda kuphela. Namuhla ipulasitiki ikhona kuzo zonke izingxenye zempilo yethu. Siphuza amabhodlela epulasitiki futhi sithenge ama-apula, u-anyanisi namakhowe okusongwe ngoplastiki ezitolo ezinkulu ngaphandle kokubuza?
El umthelela wezemvelo wepulasitiki emhlabeni jikelele kuyalimaza. Uyazi ukuthi kuneziqhingi zepulasitiki olwandle? Lokhu kudala ukulimala okungenakulungiseka kwizilwane zasolwandle nasempilweni yethu ngochungechunge lokudla. Kusemandleni ethu ukuthatha izinyathelo nokunikela ngezenzo ezincane ukukuhlehlisa. Ngabe ufuna ukwazi ukuthi kanjani?
Izibalo, ezikhulayo kusukela ngama-50s
Ngo-1955 umagazini iLife wawuveza isithombe somndeni waseMelika owawugubha ukufika kwe impilo yokulahla, lapho amapulasitiki asebenzisa ukusetshenziswa okukodwa abe nethonya elikhulu khona. Kusukela lapho, kulinganiselwa ukuthi amathani epulasitiki alinganiselwa ezigidini eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-8300 akhiqizwe emhlabeni jikelele futhi kulindeleke ukuthi izidingo ziqhubeke nokwanda.
Ukuqagela kukhombisa ukuthi ngo-2030 kuzokhiqizwa cishe amathani ayizigidi ezingama-700 kuthi ngo-2050, angaphezu kwesigidigidi esisodwa. Uma izinto zingaguquki, yi-1.000% kuphela ezophinda isetshenziswe kabusha. Ama-10% asele azophela ngo imithombo yamanzi noma ezindaweni zokulahla udoti.
Ngokusho kocwaningo 'Ugibe lweplastiki. Ukukhulula iMedithera kupulasitiki ', okhiqizwe yiWWF, i- ULwandle iMedithera unyaka ngamunye kugcinwa amathani ayizigidi ezingama-27 epulasitiki. ISpain yizwe lesibili futhi elokuqala e-European Union elahla amapulasitiki amaningi emanzini alo: amathani ayizigidi eziyisishiyagalombili minyaka yonke.
Ubukhulu benkinga bokuthi olwandle lwethu bukhona "Iziqhingi zikadoti". Kwabahlanu kukhona, okukhulu kunakho konke kusePacific, phakathi kogu lwaseCalifornia neHawaii. Lokhu kudonswa kwenhlabathi olwandle kubonakala ngokugxila okuphezulu kakhulu kwepulasitiki emisiwe, phakathi kokunye ukungcola.
Umthelela wezemvelo wepulasitiki
Imboni yeplastikhi itshale imali eningi ekuqhakambiseni isiko lokusetshenziswa okungalahlwayo okungakaze kube manje ukuthi abaningi bebazi izingozi zepulasitiki. Ipulasitiki ejwayelekile noma ama-bioplastics amasha awekho okubolayo, njengoba bebefuna ukusithengisa. Unyawo lwayo lude kakhulu.
Ipulasitiki ayikwazi ukwehlisa isithunzi noma ukuncibilika kube izingxenye zayo zokuqala zamakhemikhali. Ucezu lwamaplastiki, kuya ngesilinganiso sokuqhekeka kwezimo zemvelo, ikakhulukazi izinga lokushisa nenani lokukhanya kwe-UV. Ngakho-ke izingcezu zifinyelela osayizi abakhulu kakhulu (ama-microplastics) abangabonakali ngeso lomuntu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ngokusho kophenyo lwakamuva lwenhlangano yezintatheli i-Orb, microplastics zitholakala kuma-83% wamasampula wamanzi okuphuza avela ezindaweni ezingaba yikhulu. Ngakho-ke, akumangazi ukuthi lezi zingangeniswa yizinhlobo zasolwandle futhi ngaleyo ndlela zingene ochungechungeni lokudla.
Ukuphikelela kweplastikhi emvelweni kungaholela ezingcupheni ezinkulu kubantu, kufaka phakathi i- ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali, akhona ngokwakhiwa kwala mapulasitiki noma akhonjiswe kuwo ezindaweni zasolwandle.
Ungakunciphisa kanjani ukusetshenziswa kwamapulasitiki
Esinye sezinyathelo zokuqala ezithandwayo zokunqanda imiphumela eyingozi yokungcola kwepulasitiki kube ukulawula ukusetshenziswa kwepulasitiki izikhwama zepulasitiki. Lezi zinhlobo zezinyathelo, noma ngabe zidingekile, kodwa, azanele, ngokusho kongoti be-UN Environment embikweni we-State of Plastic 2018. Yini enye esingayenza?
Gwema amapulasitiki asebenzisa ukusetshenziswa okukodwa
Amapulasitiki asetshenziswa kanye amele 70% kuzo zonke izidumbu zasolwandle. Lesi sigaba sifaka amahlumela endlebe, okusikiwe, amapuleti, imicu, iziqukathi zokudla neziphuzo kanye nezikhwama zepulasitiki ezinama-oxode, phakathi kokunye. I-EU isivele ihlela ukubenqabela noma inciphise ukusetshenziswa kwayo, kepha akudingeki ukuthi silinde lezi zinyathelo zokuzivimbela.
Abakhiqizi abaningi sebevele babonile ukuthi ukulwa nepulasitiki akunqandeki. Kulula thola ezinye izindlela emakethe elenza lula umsebenzi wokugwema ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zepulasitiki. Ukuthenga ngobuningi, ukusebenzisa amabhodlela avuselelekayo namabhokisi wensimbi okudla kwasemini ukuthatha ukudla emsebenzini, nokufaka izitsha zepulasitiki kufakwe ezakhiwe ngoqalo, yizenzo ezilula esingazisebenzisa ekhaya lethu.
Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kabusha
Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwepulasitiki nokufuna ezinye izindlela emikhiqizweni eyenziwe ngale nto ukhiye we-3R. Isinyathelo sesibili sokusetshenziswa okufanele ukusebenzisa kabusha izinto ukugwema ukusebenzisa izinsiza ezintsha. Owesithathu? Ukwenza kabusha, yize lokhu kufanele kube njalo kuyindlela yokugcina. Kuyindlela encane esebenzayo yokuthola ukusetshenziswa okusimeme nokunciphisa umkhondo wethu wemvelo.
Tshala imali ezintweni ezintsha ezibolwayo
Ohulumeni futhi kudingeka bethule izikhuthazi zezezimali ukushintsha imikhuba yabathengi, abathengisi nabakhiqizi. Ukubheja emisha kanye nokuklanywa okufanele kokupakisha okungeyona ingozi emvelweni futhi ungazikhohlisi ngakho. isilingo se-bioplastics.
Ingabe ezinye izindlela "eziluhlaza" zeplastikhi kanye neziplastiki ezibolayo? Ama-plastiki abolayo, njengalawo ajwayelekile, adinga izithasiselo zamakhemikhali ekwenziweni kwabo okungaba nobuthi. Kuyindida ukuthi ukwenza i-bioplastics kungcolisa kakhulu futhi kukhiqize i-CO2 eningi kunokwenza amapulasitiki nge-petroleum.
Futhi i ilebula elibolayo njengelebuli enempilo zisetshenziswa kancane. Amapulasitiki athile 'abolayo' aboliswa kuphela ezintshalweni zezimboni ezishisa kakhulu. Ezinye aziboli kalula emanzini olwandle. Iqiniso lokuthi ipulasitiki yenziwe kancane ngezinto eziphilayo, ngakho-ke, akusona isiqinisekiso sanoma yini.
Ingabe umuntu obhekene nokungcoliswa kwepulasitiki ungumkhiqizi noma umthengi? Ku Bezzia Sikholelwa ukuthi njengabathengi kubalulekile ukuthatha ingxenye yethu yesibopho ukuze sibe nomthelela kulabo abenza izinqumo futhi baguqule imikhuba yethu. Ingabe usuvele ushintshile okuthile mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwamapulasitiki? Yabelana nathi.