Addison ta cutar da aka lalacewa ta hanyar lalata da bawo daga kowane daga adrenal gland. Wannan yana nufin cewa glandan adrenal ya rasa ikonsa na samar da hormones na glucocorticoid, musamman cortisol, aldosterone, da kuma jima'i steroids. Mutanen da ke fama da wannan cuta suna haifar da bayyanar cututtuka a sakamakon wannan hasara na adrenal hormones.
Game da Addison ta cuta bayyanar cututtuka, dole ne a ce waɗannan alamun suna bayyana a hankali a hankali. Wannan saboda yana ɗaukar watanni ko ma shekaru adrenal cortex yana shan wahala mai yawa isa ya haifar da bayyanar cututtuka a cikin mutum. Gabaɗaya, ana iya gano alamun kamar gajiya, asarar nauyi, jin suma, ciwon haɗin gwiwa, gami da baƙin ciki.
Menene cutar Addison?
Wannan cuta tana faruwa tsakanin 4 na mutane 100.000 a kowace shekara. Yana faruwa a cikin maza biyu, a kowane zamani kuma yawanci yakan sake faruwa a cikin yanayi na damuwa na rayuwa, lokacin da akwai. rauni ko kamuwa da cuta. Glandan adrenal suna sama da kodan kuma lokacin da abin ya shafa, suna haifar da ƙaramin adadin wasu ƙwayoyin cuta, gami da cortisol da aldosterone.
Cutar Addison kuma ana kiranta da rashin isashen adrenal. Mafi yawan abin da ke haifar da wannan cuta shine autoimmunity, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ake kiranta autoimmune Addison's disease. A yadda aka saba, garkuwar jiki tana kai hari ga ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke mamaye ta, duk da haka, idan aka zo batun rigakafi, tsarin na rigakafi yana yin kuskure. kai farmaki da lalata adrenal cortex kamar dai ciwon ne. Don sanya shi wata hanya, adrenal sun lalace ta hanyar cutar ta autoimmune da kuma inda tsarin na rigakafi yana kai hari ga sel da gabobin mutum da kansa.
Lokacin da kamuwa da cuta mai tsanani ya kasance saboda sepsis ya faru. Wasu dalilai na iya kasancewa daga tiyata, rauni, ko asarar sodium saboda yawan zufa. Lokacin da ba a kai ga ƙarshe ba, ana iya la'akari da cewa an sami rikicin adrenal kuma an bi da shi ba daidai ba ko wuce haddi na maye gurbin hormonal.
Sauran cututtuka da zasu iya haifar da cutar Addison: Cutar tarin fukayana daya daga cikin mafi yawan sakamako. Ko kuma lokacin da kake da shi HIV / AIDS inda rashin isasshen rigakafi ba zai iya yaƙar cututtukan da cutar Addison ta haifar ba.
Kwayar cututtuka na Addison ta cuta
Alamun suna zuwa a hankali za su iya bayyana kadan da kadan kuma a ƙarshe sun kamu da cuta wanda ke ci gaba da ci gaba. A yawancin lokuta an halicci yanayin damuwa ko rauni wanda ke sa bayyanar cututtuka su fi muni. Alamomi masu zuwa na iya faruwa:
- Matsanancin gajiya ya bayyana. Babban alamar shine lokacin da akwai matsanancin gajiya tare da raunin tsoka, yana haifar da kumburin tsoka. Rashin samar da cortisol da aldosterone sune abubuwan da ke haifar da wannan alamar.
- Rashin hawan jini, tare da ciwon kai, dizziness har ma da suma. Sannun motsi, barcin barci da rashin maida hankali ma na iya faruwa. Za ku ji rashin haƙuri ga sanyi da zafi.
- Ciwon ciki
- Tashin zuciya, gudawa, ko amai (yawanci matsalolin gastrointestinal).
- Rage nauyi da rage cin abinci. Dole ne a duba sauran alamun don kada wannan siginar ta rikice da alamar damuwa ko rashin jin daɗi.
- hyperpigmentation, inda fata ke yin duhu. Lokacin da ACTH (hormone wanda glandan pituitary ya samar) ya karu kuma cortisol ya ragu, hyperpigmentation na fata yana faruwa. Yana bayyana a ko'ina a jiki, tare da aibobi a cikin nau'i na faci ko wrinkles. A wasu lokuta vitiligo yana faruwa, shine kishiyar alama ta hyperpigmentation fata, inda launin fata ke faruwa.
- Ina so in ci gishiri. Wannan shi ne saboda rashin abokin tarayya a cikin jiki da kuma ƙarar plasma. Rashin aldosterone kuma yana haifar da sha'awar abinci mai gishiri.
- Hawan jini ya ragu tare da yiwuwar jin babban dizziness lokacin da yake tsaye.
- Hypoglycemia: low jini sugar.
- Ciwon sukari insipidus.
- ba zato ba tsammani rashin haqurin abinci da magunguna.
- Bukatar yin fitsari sau da yawa.
- Launuka a cikin baki. Matsalolin da aka fi sani za su kasance tsakanin ulcers da ƙumburi.
- Jin zafi a cikin tsokoki da haɗin gwiwa.
- asarar gashi da tabarbarewar jima'i a cikin mata.
- bacin rai da bacin rai. Akwai canje-canje masu mahimmanci tare da motsin rai, likitoci ko sana'o'i sukan rikitar da shi saboda suna shiga cikin wani lokaci na damuwa ko wasu cututtuka na tunani. A cikin waɗannan lokuta, an wajabta magungunan antidepressants kuma har ma suna da mummunan sakamako saboda suna haifar da rashin ƙarfi na adrenal.
Lokacin da ake fama da rashin ƙarfi na adrenal, Alamun suna iya bayyana kwatsam da kwatsam. Kafin bayyanar waɗannan alamun, ya zama dole a je wurin likita na gaggawa don kada a haifar da girgiza mai barazanar rai. Daga cikin wadannan alamomin:
- Rashin fahimta.
- Gaba ɗaya rauni da ƙarancin hawan jini.
- Ciwo a cikin ƙananan baya da ƙafafu.
- Ciwon ciki mai tsanani, tare da gudawa da amai.
Yadda Aka Gano Cutar Addison
Za a yi ganewar asali ta hanyar gwaji na asibiti. Wajibi ne a tattara yawancin alamomin don a iya yin kima da sauran nau'ikan gwaje-gwaje.
- Za a yi gwajin jini don tantance matakan jini na sodium, hydrocortisone, potassium, da adrenocorticotropic hormone wanda ke motsa cortex adrenal don samar da hormones. za a kuma darajanta ma'aunin rigakafi.
- Gwajin motsa jiki na adrenocorticotropin. Dole ne ku auna matakansa tun da yake shine dalilin yin odar glandon adrenal don samar da hydrocortisone.
- Gwajin hypoglycemia samar da insulin. Ya ƙunshi duba sukarin jini (glucose) da matakan hydrocortisone bayan yin allurar insulin. A cikin mutane masu lafiya, matakan glucose suna raguwa ba tare da matsala ba kuma matakan hydrocortisone suna ƙaruwa.
- ganewar asali inda aka yi CT scan na yankin ciki don lura da girman glandar adrenal kuma a gano idan akwai rashin daidaituwa. Wani harbin da za a iya ba da umarni shine MRI na glandan pituitary.
Maganin da za a iya rubutawa
Za a yi maganin ta hanyar magani. Dole ne ku gyara matakan hormones na steroid wanda jiki ba ya samar da su. Lokacin shan waɗannan magunguna, za a tsara hydrocortisone, prednisone ko methylprednisolone don maye gurbin cortisol. Fludrocortisone acetate kuma za a wajabta don maye gurbin aldosterone.