Inyanga kaJanuwari 2020 ibifudumele kakhulu eMhlabeni ngoba kunamarekhodi. Lokhu kushiwo yiNational Oceanic and Atmosphere Administration yase-United States. Lesi sikhungo sikhombisa nokuthi kusho ukuphambuka kokushisa emhlabeni jikelele bekuphakeme kakhulu eminyakeni eyi-141. Akukhona yini ukukhathazeka?
I-World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) ikhomba ohlangothini olufanayo, iqinisekisa ngemininingwane ehlukene ukuthi isikhathi sonyaka wezi-2015-2019 sibe yisikhathi semfudumalo seminyaka emihlanu esake saqoshwa. Futhi yize imininingwane ibalulekile, akudingekile ukuthi wazi ifayela le- ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu eminyakeni yakamuva. Nemiphumela yako, njengokukhuphuka kolwandle kanye nemicimbi yezulu eyeqile.
Ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa komhlaba
Ngokusho kweNASA ezifundweni zayo zakamuva, izinga lokushisa okwamanje degree elilodwa ngenhla kunangekhulu le-1,1. Izinga lokushisa lomhlaba jikelele lenyuke ngo-0,2 ºC kusukela esikhathini sangaphambi kwezimboni nango-2011 ºC uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi sonyaka ka-2015-1. Futhi sesivele sibhekene nemiphumela yokufudumala kwembulunga ngezinga elingu-XNUMX, ngezimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu, ukukhuphuka kwamazinga olwandle, nokwehla kweqhwa olwandle e-Arctic.
Izimbangela zalokhu kufudumala kwembulunga yonke, ngaphezu kokunyamalala, ziyanda. Embikweni wokuhlushwa kwe amagesi abamba ukushisa okulungiselelwe yi-WMO kukhombisa ukuthi, ngesikhathi sika-2015-2019, kuye kwanda ukwanda okuqhubekayo emazingeni e-carbon dioxide (CO2) namanye amagesi abalulekile asemkhathini. Futhi lokhu kunakho kufinyelelwe emazingeni okurekhoda.
Uma kuqhathaniswa no-1965, i- ukusetshenziswa kwamandla eSpain ngo-2018 kwakungu-395,31% ngaphezulu. Ngenkathi ukukhishwa kwemishini bekukhuphuke kancane, ama-267%, ngokusho kombiko we-'BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2019 '. Imboni yezokukhiqiza ibalelwa ku-23,9% wemali ekhishwa yiGreenhouse Gas. Imindeni ikhiphe u-21,0% wengqikithi nokunikezwa kukagesi, igesi, umusi, umoya opholisayo namanzi u-20,9%.
Uma ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kuqhubekela phambili ngesilinganiso samanje, izinga lokushisa lingakhuphuka lifike ku-1,5ºC phakathi kuka-2030 no-2052. Usongo ngokusho kochwepheshe be-UN Climate Change, njengoba imiphumela ingabuya iqine noma ihlehliswe. Ukubeka umkhawulo kulokho kukhula kubalulekile ngakho-ke ukuvumela abantu nezinhlelo zemvelo ukuthi zivumelane futhi zihlale zingaphansi kwemingcele efanelekile yobungozi.
Igumbi lokuthatha izinyathelo ezibonakalayo, lisebenzela ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi lokushisa nokuqinisa amandla avuselelekayo. Kungale ndlela kuphela lapho sizokwazi ukuguqula imiphumela yale nkinga yesimo sezulu esivele imenyezelwe yizinhlangano zomhlaba ezingama-900.
Imiphumela
Futhi iyini imiphumela esemqoka yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu? Ukuncibilika e-Arctic, ukukhuphuka kolwandle nezimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu kubaluleke kakhulu, ngenxa yenani elikhulu lemiphumela, ebelizovela.
Ukuncibilika kwe-Arctic
Ngesikhathi sika-2015-2018, isilinganiso esincane seqhwa lasolwandle e-Arctic sasiphansi kakhulu kunesilinganiso esirekhodwe phakathi kuka-1981 no-2010. Iqhwa leminyaka eminingi selinyamalele futhi ukuncibilika kwaminyaka yonke kweqhwa lase-Antarctic kukhuphuke okungenani okungenani okuyisithupha izikhathi, zisuka kuma-40 Gt ngonyaka esikhathini se-1979-1990 kuya ku-252 Gt ngonyaka ngonyaka we-2009-2017.
Khuphuka olwandle nase-asidi
Ukwehla okungazelelwe kweqhwa e-Antarctica naseGreenland kuzokhuphula izinga lokunyuka kolwandle esikhathini esizayo. Ngesikhathi sika-2014-2019, izinga lokunyuka kwamazinga olwandle emhlabeni wonke lalingu-5 mm ngonyaka, uma kuqhathaniswa no-3,2 mm ngonyaka owaqoshwa phambilini, kusukela ngo-1993 kuya ku-2007. ukugwema ukuqhubeka nokufudumala. Lokhu kubonisa izindleko eziphakeme zemvelo zolwandle njengoba i-CO30 iphendula ngamanzi olwandle, ngaleyo ndlela iguqule ubumsulwa bezilwandle.
Izimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu.
Izinhlekelele zemvelo ezingaphezu kwama-90% zihlobene nesikhathi. Izinhlekelele ezinkulu yiziphepho nezikhukhula. Amagagasi okushisa, noma kunjalo, ayeyingozi kakhulu yesimo sezulu ngesikhathi se-2015-2019. Zithinte wonke amazwekazi, zabulala izimpilo zabantu, zabasa imililo yamahlathi futhi zabangela ukulahleka kwezitshalo.