Rhoqo ngenyanga sikusondeza kuwe Bezzia esicinga ukuba ezona ndaba zinika umdla yabavakalisi bethu. Kwaye asiyi kuyeka ukuyenza kule nyanga, kuba zininzi ezitsala umdla wethu. Kodwa namhlanje, siphethulela ingqalelo yethu izincoko ezisanda kupapashwa.
Izindululo ezintandathu esizikhethileyo bachaphazela izihloko ezahlukeneyo kakhulu ukuba ngandlel’ ithile simema ukuba sicamngce. Ukruthakruthwano phakathi komntu kunye noluntu, ubulolo njengobhubhani wale mihla, ukuqonda kwabasetyhini okanye iinkqubo zomthetho ukunyanzelisa ucwangco zezinye zazo.
Yiba yedwa
URudiger Safranski
- Umshicileli: IiTusquets Editores
- Umguquleli: uRaúl Gabás
Ngamnye wethu, okokuqala, ngumntu oyedwa, umntu owahlukileyo. Kwaye ukuba kwabaninzi oku kuyinkuthazo yokuhlakulela ububodwa babo, kwabanye, lo buntu bunokuba yimvakalelo ecinezelayo yobulolo, apho kuphela ubulungu kwiqela okanye kudidi lwentlalo, okanye ukubambelela kwingcamango ethile.
Imbali yefilosofi isibonisa imizekelo emininzi yendlela abanye ababhali kunye neengcinga eziye zabonisa ngayo indlela gcina ubunye bomntu buphila ngokuchasene neemfuno zesizwe okanye uluntu ngokubanzi. Ngale ntlupheko njengemva, iSafranski iveza izimvo zeRenaissance artic geniuses, iingcali zokuqala zokusingqongileyo kwinkulungwane ye-XNUMXth okanye ii-existentialist thinkers. Kwaye ikwasinika neembono ezingazange zibonwe ngaphambili kubabhali abanjengoMontaigne, uRousseau, uDiderot, uKierkegaard, uHannah Arendt, uElias Canetti okanye uErnst Jünger.
Into esingayiboniyo, into ebonwa ngubugcisa
Ubabalo Ithemba
- I-Anagrama yokuhlela
Ngaba ubugcisa bunika ukubona into esingayiboniyo? Le ncwadi ixhomekeke kumandla angenakuphela obugcisa ukwenza kubonakale ukungabonakali okuxhathisayo kwe izoyikiso ezibini ezijinga phezu komntu kunye neplanethi kwinkulungwane yama-19: intlekele yokusingqongileyo kunye nokuntywiliselwa okuphazamisayo kwihlabathi elilawulwa ngokwedijithali. UGraciela Speranza wayekhangela iimpendulo kuncwadi kunye nobugcisa beli xesha xa ubhubhani we-covid-XNUMX ungakhawulezisi nje unxibelelwano olubonakalayo, ulawulo kunye nokucupha, kodwa wajongana nathi kwizixeko ezishiyiweyo “nombono wekamva elinokwenzeka, ilizwe ngaphandle kwethu.
Kodwa bunokuthini ubugcisa phakathi kwentlekele? Ukusuka kwintaba yemithi yefir eyatyalwa nguAgnes Denes eFinland kunye neekonsathi ze-arachnocosmic zikaTomás Saraceno ukuya kwiinoveli eziqhekezayo zika-Olga Tokarczuk kunye noJenny Offill kunye nezincoko ezimfutshane zikaKarl Ove Knåusgard, ukusuka kwi-telephotography kaTrevor Paglen kunye neevidiyo zikaHito Steyer. ukuya kulwakhiwo ngokutsha lweForensic Architecture okanye u-Agustín Fernandez Mallo, ubugcisa kunye noncwadi lutyhila, luphinde lwakhiwe, lwakhiwe ngokutsha kwaye, kwiinzame zokuhlaziya iindlela zabo.
Isiphumo sokhenketho sinobuqhetseba ukucinga kwihlabathi langoku kunye nentsingiselo yobugcisa namhlanje, «i-lens enelungelo lokutshintsha isikali kunye nokuhlaziya indawo yethu kwiplanethi», "ukujonga izinto kwakhona, ukususa isigqubuthelo esisithekileyo".
Ibhayografi yobulolo
Fay Bound Alberti
- Umguquleli: Lucía Alba Martínez
- Umshicileli: UHlelo luka-Alianza
Nangona kunjalo, ngelishwa, isithukuthezi sisemlonyeni womntu wonke mva nje, kangangokuba sele kuthethwa ngaso njenge "ubhubhani wanamhlanje", kuncinane okwaziwayo ngembali yayo neentsingiselo zenkcubeko. "I-biography yobulolo" inika utoliko olutsha lwale mvakalelo -okanye, ngamazwi ombhali wayo, yale "iqela leemvakalelo" - njengamava kunye nolwimi lweemvakalelo ukudiliza inkolelo eqhelekileyo yokuba yinto eyenzeka kwihlabathi liphela kwaye ayinaxesha. . Endaweni yoko, uBound Alberti ubonisa kuwo onke la maphepha ukuba ukuzalwa kwakhe kunxulunyaniswa nophuhliso lwesimanjemanje kwaye unebhayografi yakhe eguqukayo ngokuxhomekeke kwibhayografi ethile aziqhelanisa nayo, eguquguquka ngokohlobo, udidi okanye ubuhlanga, phakathi kwezinye izinto.
Ukuba kuyinyani ukuba isithukuthezi, kunye nemiphumo enzulu kwimpilo yengqondo, senza enye yeengxaki ezinkulu esiya kufuneka sijongane nazo kule nkulungwane, kuyimfuneko kwaye ingxamisekile ukufezekisa ulwazi olunzulu noluthe ngqo malunga nokubonakaliswa kwayo kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo, kodwa ngaphezu kwako konke, yiba nolwazi ngembali yayo engenakuphepheka.
Imfundo noXolo
UMaria Montessori
- Umguquleli: Guadalupe Borbolla
- Umpapashi: Altamarea
Ukunikezelwa kwiinkomfa ezahlukeneyo ezibanjwe kumakomkhulu ahlukeneyo aseYurophu kwiminyaka ekhokelela ekuqhambukeni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini, iintetho ezikulo mqulu zibonisa kwaye zichaza umbono we-montessorian woxolo kungekhona njengelizwe elilindelekileyo, kodwa njengesiphumo senkqubo yemfundo.
Uxolo, kuMontessori, alukho ukungabikho kongquzulwano, kodwa "ingqikelelo elungileyo yohlengahlengiso olwakhayo lwentlalo nokuziphatha", ukufezekiswa okudlula kakhulu kuhlengahlengiso olunzulu. iindlela zokufundisa kunye nemfundo yesikolo.
Ngaphambi kwexesha labo kunye nexesha elifanelekileyo ngokugqithisileyo namhlanje, xa imimoya yemfazwe iphinda ivuthuza kulo lonke elaseYurophu, la mazwi asikhumbuza ukuba uxolo luyisiphumo somzamo ohlangeneyo, isakhiwo sentlalontle esisekelwe kwimfundo.
ephendula
Amagwegwe eBell
- Umguquleli: Montserrat Asensio Fernández
- Umpapashi: Iinguqulelo zePaidós
I-Respondona ijongene nentsingiselo ye ulwazi lobufazi kubomi bemihla ngemihla, ukubuyiswa komntu siqu, ukoyisa ubukhosi obumhlophe kunye nendoda, ubudlelwane obusondeleyo, kwaye konke oku kuhlolisisa indawo apho uluntu kunye noluntu lwangasese ludibana khona.
Njengomntwana, iihokhi zentsimbi zafunda ukuba ukuthetha nomntu onegunya njengomntu olinganayo kunye nesibindi sokungavumelani okanye ukunika uluvo kuthetha ukuba "uthetha." Kule ngqokelela yezincoko zobuqu njengoko ziyithiyori, amagwegwe abonakalisa imixholo yakhe yakudala: ubuhlanga, ubufazi, ezopolitiko, kunye nemfundo. Enye yezinto azifumanisayo kukuba, kwabo bacinezelekileyo, bangamathanga, abaxhatshaziweyo kunye nabo baphakama balwe bebambene ngezandla, ukusuka ekuthuleni ukuya ekuthetheni phandle, kukubonakalisa inyalelo ephilisayo nebangela ukuba kubekho ubomi nokukhula okutsha. .
oda ihlabathi
UFernanda Piere
- Umguquleli: Yolanda Fontal Rueda
- Umshicileli: UHlelo olubalulekileyo
Ukutyhubela imbali, abalawuli bebesebenzisa imithetho yokumisela ucwangco. Kodwa imithetho yayingezozixhobo nje zamandla nolawulo lwentlalo: yayikwanika abantu abaqhelekileyo indlela yokubonakalisa imibono yabo eyahlukahlukeneyo yehlabathi elingcono.
Phantse yonke imithetho esetyenziswayo ngoku kwihlabathi liphela isekwe kwiinkqubo eziphuhliswe kuzo EYurophu ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX neye-XNUMX. Ngexesha lamakhulu amabini eminyaka yolawulo lwamakholoniyali, abantu baseYurophu babeyithumela ngaphandle imithetho yabo naphi na apho babenako, kodwa amaxesha amaninzi babengazalisi isithuba: kwiindawo ezininzi, babezigxotha izithethe ezazisele zindala.
Kwi-Ordering the World Fernanda Pirie ulandelela imbali yokunyuka nokuwa kweenkqubo zomthetho ezigcina ubukhosi bamandulo kunye nezithethe zonqulo, ngelixa ebonisa indlela abantu abaqhelekileyo (iindibano zezizwe, abarhwebi, amafama) bacela imithetho yokuchaza uluntu lwabo. , ekugqibeleni, kwaye ukwakha impucuko. Nangona imigaqo engokwasemthethweni evela eNtshona Yurophu ngoku ibonakala ilawula ihlabathi, imithetho eyahlukahlukeneyo ekhoyo kudala iphantse yafana neentlobo ngeentlobo zemibutho yaso. Eyona nto imanyanisa abantu ngokwenene, uPirie uthi, lukholo lwethu lokuba imithetho inokuvelisa ubulungisa, ilwe nengcinezelo, nokudala ucwangco kwisiphithiphithi.
Ngaba ungathanda ukufunda nasiphi na kwezi zincoko zisanda kupapashwa?