NgoMvulo sonke sothukile kwi social networks nezo foto zika isibhakabhaka esivuthayo eyayibonakala ithathwe kwenye iplanethi. Ulwimi olukhulu lothuli oluxhonyiweyo lwangena kwiPeninsula, lungcolisa imbonakalo-mhlaba orenji kunye nobomvu, ngakumbi ezo zaseMurcia ngolo suku lokuqala. Yaqala ke iveki apho inkungu yaba ngumcimbi obalulekileyo.
Las Ukungena kothuli lwaseSahara Aziqhelekanga kwilizwe lethu. Iziqithi zaseCanary ziyindawo eqhele ukuba nenkungu entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni kwaye ayiqhelekanga ukuba ibonwe kumzantsi-mpuma wePeninsula, nangona ingekho ngoxinzelelo oluphezulu. Yiyo loo nto kwabaninzi ibe yinto entsha kunye nethuba elihle lokufunda ukuba yintoni okanye ichaphazela njani umgangatho womoya.
Yintoni inkungu?
Inkungu yinto yemeteorological ephawulwa yi ubukho bamasuntswana othuli okanye isanti kwi-suspension. Amalungu ngokubanzi angabonakaliyo ngeliso kodwa amaninzi kakhulu anegalelo kwi-turbidity ethile kwindalo kwaye anike isibhakabhaka imbonakalo ye-opalescent.
Uthuli oluphawu lwenkungu lu yenziwe ikakhulu ziialuminosilicates, udongwe, igypsum, calcite kunye nezinye iiminerali. Kodwa ikwabonisa amasuntswana amancinci ezinye iibhaktheriya, umngundo, umungu kunye nezinto ezingcolisayo ezithwalwa ngumoya emva koko.
I-Haze yinto enciphisa ukubonakala kunye ichaphazela umgangatho womoya. Ngapha koko, kuhlaziyo lwayo lwamva nje lwesikhokelo songcoliseko, i-WHO ibandakanya uthuli lwaseSahara njengenye yezinto eziyiphembelelayo.
Ukuze inkungu iphelelwe ngamandla kwaye iphele, kuyimfuneko ukuba utshintsho lomoya, ngomoya nemvula ezinceda ukutshabalalisa amasuntswana aseleyo emoyeni, njengoko kwenzekile kule mpelaveki.
Kutheni le nto esi siganeko sobumnyama simangalisa kangaka?
Inkungu ayidli ngokuyichaphaza i-peninsula njengokuba injalo ngeli xesha. Izizathu zesi siqendu kufuneka zifunwe kwi isaqhwithi uCelia eyathi, embindini weGulf of Cádiz, yaqhubela imimoya ebhudla ngamandla ethwele amasuntswana esanti esuka entlango ukuya kusingasiqithi.
Ngaloo ndlela amasuntswana entlabathi ahamba kumaleko asezantsi etroposphere ukuya kusingasiqithi, apho ngenxa yokuxinana kwabo okuphezulu bawa ngesenzo somxhuzulane - idipozishini eyomileyo - inika loo maleko wothuli esavuka ngalo kwiintsuku ezidlulileyo kwaye ogqume izitalato kunye neemoto.
Lo mcimbi ufikelele nakwiGalicia kunye ne-Asturias ngeli xesha, emva koko ukungena ngoxinaniso oluphezulu ecaleni komcu wonxweme osuka eGranada ukuya eBarcelona. Enye into kunye nogxininiso olwenze esi siqendu saba sisiqendu esikhethekileyo.
Ukuba imvula yongezwa kwinkungu, iimvula zodaka nazo zaziwa njenge iimvula zegazi ngenxa yethoni ebomvu yeengqungquthela eziqulethe. Isenzeko esixhaphakileyo kwiindawo zejografi kufutshane neAfrika xa umoya uhamba ngamandla ngokwaneleyo
Ichaphazela njani umgangatho womoya kunye nempilo yethu?
Nakuphi na ukungena kothuli kwandisa umgangatho womoya, kodwa eyona mpembelelo iphambili kufuneka ifunyanwe kwi ukwanda kwamasuntswana amisiweyo eyaziwa ngokuba yi-PM₁₀ (ezo zinedayamitha engaphantsi kwe-10 microns). Isizathu kukuba ezi, zincinci, zifikelela kwi-alveoli yemiphunga.
Imeko yempilo iyahluka ngokuxhomekeke ekugxininiseni uthuli emoyeni. Kubantu abasempilweni, iziphumo ngokubanzi azihambi ngaphaya kweziphumo ezicaphukisayo, ukukrazula kunye nokukhohlela ngenxa yokuvezwa okungaqhelekanga. Nangona kunjalo, i abantu abanezifo zokuphefumla (ezifana ne-emphysema, i-COPD, i-asthma kunye ne-allergies) kubalulekile ukuba zibe sesichengeni kula masuntswana kancinane kangangoko. Kwaye kufuneka bathathe amanyathelo athile ukuba abafuni ukubona ukuba mandundu kwezi.
Abasemagunyeni kwezempilo bacebisa ngokuchasene nokwenza umthambo wangaphandle, ngakumbi kwabo baneengxaki zokuphefumla. Bakwacebisa i ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kweemaski ukuya ngaphandle. Ngokukodwa, iimaski zeFFP2, ekuphela kwazo ezikwaziyo ukucoca la masuntswana.
Ngokunjalo, kuyacetyiswa ngexesha leengqungquthela zenkungu ukugcina iingcango neefestile zendlu ezivaliweyo, ziphephe iindawo ezomileyo kakhulu kwaye usele amanzi rhoqo. Kulula kakhulu ukulandela iingcebiso esiya kukwazi sonke kwixesha elizayo.