Kutshanje, iingxoxo ezibaluleke kakhulu ziye zabekwa etafileni ezithe zagutyungelwa lungquzulwano lwezopolitiko. Eyokugqibela ye iifama ezinkulu, enxulumene ngokusondeleyo nemodeli yokutya yamazwe amaninzi aphuhlileyo. Kodwa yintoni ingxaki yokwenyani kule modeli yemveliso?
En Bezzia Sifuna ukukunceda uqonde ukuba kutheni sithetha ngeemacrofarms, zithini na iingxaki ezinxulumene nokusingqongileyo nezentlalo kwezi kwaye zeziphi ezinye iindlela ezikhona. Kuba kuyinyani engathandabuzekiyo ukuba ukuveliswa kokutya kwemvelaphi yezilwanyana kwiifama ezinkulu kuneziphumo eziyingozi kwindalo esingqongileyo.
Imodeli yokondla
Ukusetyenziswa okukhulayo kweprotheyini yezilwanyana kumazwe athuthukileyo kwaye, ngokubanzi, imodeli yokondla ekhoyo kuzo iye yakhokelela ekubeni imveliso enzulu. Ngaloo ndlela, ukuvelisa kakhulu, ukuvelisa ngokukhawuleza kunye nexabiso eliphantsi libekwe.
Imodeli yokuvelisa ukuba kwicandelo lemfuyo ibangele ukwanda kwe iifama ezinkulu okanye iimacrofarms. Amaziko amakhulu, anobugcisa obuphezulu apho izilwanyana zixinene ngenjongo yokuzuza ubuninzi bemveliso yenyama ngexeshana elifutshane. Ngokubanzi, ngaphandle kokuhoywa kumgangatho wenyama eveliswayo okanye ukuchaphazeleka kokusingqongileyo, kwezentlalo okanye kwezempilo kolu hlobo lwemveliso.
Ithathwe kule mfuno yenyama, indawo efunekayo ukuvelisa i-1.000 lezigidi zeetoni zengqolowa, irhasi, ihabile, irye, umbona, amazimba kunye nemazi etyiwa minyaka le ehlabathini ukondla imfuyo nayo iyakhula. Namhlanje a I-30% yomphezulu womhlaba Isetyenziselwa ukufuya imfuyo ethi yona ivelise a I-14,5% yeegesi ze-greenhouse imisebenzi yabantu kwihlabathi jikelele. Kodwa oku akukuphela kwempembelelo yokufuya kwindalo esingqongileyo njengoko siza kuba nexesha lokujonga apha ngezantsi.
Ingxaki enkulu yasefama
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kukho ukwanda ukufuya kakhulu eYurophu ngokubanzi nakwilizwe lethu ngokukodwa. Yiyo loo nto ingxoxo iyimfuneko, kunye nokuphonononga kwimo engqongileyo, yentlalontle okanye impilo yempembelelo yolu hlobo lwemveliso.
Intlalontle yezilwanyana kunye nokulahleka kweentlobo zemveli
Izilwanyana zifumaneka kwezi fama itshixiwe kwaye igcwele kakhulu, obangela uxinzelelo olukhulu kunye nemingcipheko enzulu ngenxa yokusasazeka kwezifo. Imeko efuna iyeza lothintelo olucwangcisiweyo lwezilwanyana ngaphakathi kwezibonelelo ngento ebizwa ngokuba yi-medicated feed.
Iintlobo ezisetyenzisiweyo, ngaphezu koko, azikhethwanga kwezi fama zinkulu ngenxa yokukwazi ukuziqhelanisa nemozulu kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo zeendawo apho zikhuliswe khona, kodwa ngenxa yazo. ukukwazi ukukhula ngokukhawuleza. Ke ngoko, imodeli enjalo inokubangela ukunyamalala kweentlobo ezithile zemveli kwixesha elizayo.
Ezikhutshwayo
Ukuzaliswa kwemfuyo kunxulumene nokukhutshwa kwe Igesi yendlu eluhlaza. Enyanisweni, njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, ukufuywa kwemfuyo kuvelisa malunga ne-14,5% yeegesi ze-greenhouse ezivela kwimisebenzi yabantu kwihlabathi jikelele.
Imveliso yemfuyo yenza uninzi lwezinto ezingcolisa umoya eziveliswa licandelo lezolimo. Ngokukodwa, i-ammonia, i-particulate matter, kunye ne-non-methane volatile organic compounds. Okwangoku, ukuxinana okuphezulu kwemfuyo kwenza kube nzima ukuba ilizwe lethu lihambelane nemimiselo yaseYurophu kwimfuyo. imida ekukhutshweni kweammonia. Ubusazi olu lwazi?
Ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kunye nongcoliseko
Umkhondo wokusingqongileyo wokufuya ngokunzulu nawo uyachaphazela ukusetyenziswa kobutyebi obunesiphelo obufana namanzi. Amanzi abuyiselwa kwimekobume ngendlela yodaka. Eli ligama elinikwe inkunkuma ephilayo eyenziwe ngamanzi amdaka, ilindle, iintsalela zezityalo kunye nokutya.
Ulawulo lwenkunkuma olungalunganga oonobangela ungcoliseko lwe i-aquifers kunye nemilambo kunye nee-nitrate, uxanduva lwe-80% ye-nitrogen eyosulela imizimba yamanzi. Eso sisiphumo saso sokuba indawo echatshazelwe lungcoliseko lwenitrate ngoku ifikelele phantse kwikota yelizwe.
Ukungcoliseka komhlaba
Uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-slurry nalo luchaphazela umgangatho womhlaba. Ngaphaya koko, ukufuya imfuyo kubangela ukuba iasphalt kunye nokutywinwa kwemihlaba echumileyo kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi.
Ukulahlwa kwentsimi
I-74% yoomasipala abamkela iifama ezinkulu baphulukana nabemi. Ivumba elibi eliveliswa ludaka, ukungcoliseka kwamachweba ale ndawo kunye nokwanda kweempukane akwenzi kube nzima nje ukuhlala kwindawo eyingqongileyo kodwa kukwathetha ukunyamalala kokhenketho lwendalo nokulahlekelwa yimisebenzi.
Iifama ezinkulu Kananjalo abavelisi ngqesho. Inqanaba labo eliphezulu lobuchwephesha lithetha ukuba ezi ntlobo zezixhobo zivelisa imisebenzi embalwa kakhulu, ngokomyalelo womsebenzi omnye osisigxina kwiihagu ezingama-5000 XNUMX.
Ngaphaya koko, ukufika kwimarike yesixa esikhulu senyama ngexabiso eliphantsi, kunye nemijelo yokusasaza eshiya uninzi lwenzuzo ezandleni zabameli kwaye incinci kakhulu ezandleni zomfama, kuye kwatyhala iifama ezincinci azinamali.
Iindlela ezizezinye
Ngokutsho kwedatha evela kwiSebe lezoLimo, iSpain ihambela imodeli ye imveliso yemfuyo eninzi inyama yenkomo kunye nenyama yehagu. Inani elipheleleyo leefama liyancipha, nangona kunjalo, inani leefama ezinkulu liyakhula kwindawo yasemaphandleni yaseSpain. Ilizwe sele liphambili ekuveliseni inyama yehagu eYurophu, ivelisa malunga nenyama ephindwe kathathu kunokuba isitya.
Enye indlela kule modeli ebekiweyo kufuneka ibandakanye, kwelinye icala, ukuncitshiswa kwe ukusetyenziswa kwenyama ngomntu ngamnye (njengoko kucetyisiwe kwi ipiramidi yokutya) kwaye kwelinye, ukuzinikela kwiinkqubo ezibanzi zemfuyo. Kwaye zombini kufuneka zikhuthazwe ngamaziko ukuqinisekisa ulondolozo lwemo engqongileyo, uqoqosho kunye nentlalo.
Ukufuya kakhulu Isebenza kakuhle xa idlelo lisetyenziswa ukuze imihlambi ikwazi ukuzimela, ukutya kwayo kungaxhomekeke kwisondlo esiphuma kumazwe angaphandle kunye nokusetyenziswa kakhulu kwamafutha efosili. Ngaphezu koko, kwezi meko, izilwanyana ziququzelela ukugawulwa kwemida, iindlela kunye neefama, zinceda ekususeni amahlathi kunye nokulawula imililo, zilawule umgangatho womhlaba kwaye zincede ekwandiseni iintlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo, ziqinisekisa ukuhlala ngokusisigxina kwabemi kokusingqongileyo.