Inyanga kaJanuwari 2020 yayiyeyona ishushu eMhlabeni kuba kukho iirekhodi. Oku kuchazwe luLawulo lweLizwekazi lwase-Oceanic kunye ne-Atmosphere e-United States. Iarhente ikwabonisa ukuba kuthetha ukuphambuka kobushushu kwihlabathi liphela yayiyeyona iphakamileyo kwiminyaka eyi-141. Ngaba akukhathazeki?
I-World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) yalatha kwicala elinye, iqinisekisa ngedatha eyahlukileyo ukuba ixesha lowama-2015-2019 lelona xesha lifudumeleyo leminyaka emihlanu lakha labhalwa. Kwaye nangona idatha ibalulekile, akuyomfuneko ukuba wazi i kutshintsha kwe mozulu kule minyaka yangoku. Kwaye kwimiphumo yayo, njengokunyuka komgangatho wolwandle kunye neziganeko zemozulu ezibi kakhulu.
Ukunyuka kobushushu behlabathi
NgokukaNASA kwizifundo zayo zamva nje, iqondo lobushushu ngoku isidanga esinye ngentla kunakwinkulungwane ye-1,1. Iqondo lobushushu lehlabathi jikelele lenyuke nge-0,2 ºC ukusukela kwixesha langaphambi kokushishina kunye ne-2011 comparedC xa kuthelekiswa nexesha lonyaka ka-2015-1. Kwaye sele sihlangabezana neziphumo zokufudumala kobushushu be-XNUMX degree, kunye neemeko zemozulu ezibi kakhulu, ukunyuka kwamanqanaba olwandle kunye nokuncipha komkhenkce wolwandle e-Arctic.
Oonobangela besi shushu sehlabathi, ngaphaya kokunyamalala, bayanda. Kwingxelo yoxinzelelo Igesi yendlu eluhlaza elungiselelwe yi-WMO ibonisa ukuba, kwisithuba sowama-2015-2019, ukonyuka okuqhubekayo kuye kwaqwalaselwa kumanqanaba ecarbon dioxide (CO2) kunye nezinye iigesi ezibalulekileyo emoyeni. Kwaye ezi zinazo bafikelele kumanqanaba okurekhoda.
Xa kuthelekiswa ne-1965, i ukusetyenziswa kwamandla eSpain ngo-2018 yayingama-395,31% ngaphezulu. Ngelixa izinto ezikhutshwayo bezinyuke kancinci, ngama-267%, ngokwengxelo 'yoVavanyo lweBP lweNgcaciso ye-World Energy 2019'. Icandelo lemveliso lenze i-23,9% yenani elipheleleyo lokukhutshwa kweGesi yeGreenhouse. Amakhaya akhuphe i-21,0% yetotali kunye nokuNikezelwa kombane, igesi, umphunga, umoya opholileyo kunye namanzi i-20,9%.
Ukuba ubushushu behlabathi buqhubekeka buqhubela phambili kwizinga langoku, iqondo lobushushu linokunyuka liye kufikelela kwi-1,5ºC phakathi ko-2030 ukuya ku-2052. Isoyikiso ngokwe-UN Climate Change Experts, kuba iziphumo zingabuya zizinzile okanye azinakulungiseka. Ukunciphisa oko kunyuka kubalulekile ukuvumela abantu kunye nezinto eziphilayo ukuba ziqhelane kwaye zihlale zingaphantsi kwemingcipheko efanelekileyo.
Igumbi lokuthatha inyathelo elibambekayo, sebenzela ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi kunye nokunyusa amandla ahlaziyekayo. Ngale ndlela kuphela apho siya kuthi sikwazi ukuguqula iziphumo zale ngxaki yemozulu esele ibhengeziwe ngamaziko ehlabathi angama-900.
Iziphumo
Zeziphi iziphumo eziphambili zotshintsho lwemozulu? Ukunyibilika e-Arctic, ukunyuka kwenqanaba lolwandle kunye neziganeko ezibi kakhulu zemozulu zezona zibaluleke kakhulu, ngenxa yenani elikhulu leziphumo eziya kuthi zivele.
Ukunyibilika kweArctic
Ngexesha le-2015-2018, ubuncinci bomyinge womkhenkce wolwandle kwiArctic wawusezantsi kakhulu kunomyinge orekhodishiweyo phakathi ko-1981 no-2010. amaxesha, ukusuka kwi-40 Gt ngonyaka ngonyaka we-1979-1990 ukuya kwi-252 Gt ngonyaka ngonyaka we-2009-2017.
Ukunyuka kwinqanaba lolwandle kunye neasidi
Ukuncipha ngesiquphe komkhenkce eAntarctica naseGreenland kuya kukonyusa ukunyuka kwenqanaba lolwandle kwixa elizayo. Ngexesha le-2014-2019, i-avareji yenqanaba lehlabathi lokunyuka komgangatho wolwandle yayiyi-5 mm ngonyaka, xa kuthelekiswa ne-3,2 mm ngonyaka erekhodwe ngaphambili, ukusuka ku-1993 ukuya ku-2007. ukunqanda ukuqhubeka ushushu. Oku kubonisa indleko eziphezulu zokuphilisana neelwandle kuba i-CO30 ihlangana namanzi olwandle, ngaloo ndlela iguqula ubumuncu bolwandle.
Iziganeko zemozulu ezibi kakhulu.
Ngaphezulu kwe-90% yeentlekele zendalo ezinxulumene nexesha. Ezona ntlekele ziphambili zizikhukula nezikhukula. Amaza obushushu, nangona kunjalo, yayiyeyona ngozi yezulu ibulalayo ngexesha le-2015-2019. Bachaphazele ilizwekazi liphela, babanga ubomi babantu, batshisa imililo yehlathi kwaye babangela ilahleko yezityalo.