Kuqhelekile ukuba abazali bathelekisa ukukhula yomntwana wakho nabahlobo bakhe, ngakumbi xa kufikwa kwintetho. Oko kukuthi, bazama ukufumanisa ukuba kutheni umntwana wabo engakhange aqhubele phambili kuphuhliso lolwimi njengabafundi afunda nabo abohlukeneyo.
Kufuneka kuthiwe wonke umntwana unxiba i- inqanaba lophuhliso kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Kungenxa yoko le nto kukho abantwana abafuna inkxaso engaphezulu kunye nokuqwalaselwa ngakumbi kunesiqhelo kuba abakwazi ukufumana iikhonsepthi ezicacileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho abanye ekungadlekanga nto kubo ukuba bafunde nantoni na; Oko kukuthi, bayakhawuleza ukufumana iingcinga.
Ukufunyanwa kolwimi, nokuba kuyakhawuleza okanye kuyacotha, ngu isixhobo esisisiseko kunxibelelwano yabancinci ngemekobume yabo. Ngesi sizathu, umntwana uveza ubunzima bezonxibelelwano ukuba ukukhula kolwimi kuphazamisekile.
Ukuphazamiseka kolwimi okwahlukileyo kudla ngokubonakaliswa kwi ngaxeshanye enxulunyaniswa nokusilela ekusebenzeni kwesikolo, iingxaki ze-neurosis esebenzayo, ukukhula kokulungelelanisa ukuphazamiseka, kunye neemvakalelo, isimilo kunye neengxaki zentlalo.
Iindidi zokuphazamiseka kolwimi
Okulandelayo, sichaza ngokupheleleyo zonke iinkcukacha ze- iimeko okanye iintlobo zeengxaki ngokunxulumene nolwimi onokulufumana:
IDysarthria
IDysarthria ibhekisa ku- Ukuphazamiseka ekuchazeni amagama. Nangona kunjalo, eli gama lisetyenziselwa ukuchaza ukubhengezwa kweefonim okuyiziphumo zezilonda zenkqubo ye-nervous system elawula izihlunu zamalungu ezandi.
Umntwana ochaphazeleke kwidysarthria unokuvelisa izandi ezingekhoyo kulwimi lweenkobe, kuba akayichazi ngokuchanekileyo. Phakathi kwantoni iimpawu yedysarthria sinokuyifumana:
- Ukukhutshwa okuzenzekelayo.
- Umxholo wencoko.
- Ukunyanzelwa kwelizwi.
- Ukuphefumla okungahambelaniyo kunye nokungaqhelekanga.
- Ukuchazwa amagama kunesiphako.
- Isantya esicothayo.
- Utshintsho lwethoni kunye nomthamo wentetho.
IDyslalias
Esi sigulo sihambelana Ukucaciswa kweefonim. Oko kukuthi, umntwana akanako ukubiza ngokuchanekileyo iifonim ezithile okanye amaqela eefonim, ukuze umntwana ochaphazeleke sesi sifo angaqondakali.
IDyslalia inokuhlelwa Amaqela amakhulu ama-4:
- Inguqulelo yedyslalia
I-Anomaly eyenzeka kumanqanaba okuqala okuphuhla kwentetho. Ngaba ithathwa njengeqhelekileyo, kuba umntwana ukwinkqubo yokufumana ulwimi, engakwazi ukukhupha zonke iifonim.
Ezi zi wafunda ngokulandelelana nangokufanayo yabo bonke abantwana, ekufuneka igqityiwe kwiminyaka emi-6-7. Akukho nyango lukhethekileyo luyimfuneko.
- Umsebenzi wedyslalia
Ngaba ziphi apho akukho siphazamiso sasemzimbeni okanye sendalo ecacisa idyslalia. Abanye ababhali bayayibiza ukuphazamiseka kwezandi, okoko abantwana ngebaququzelele inkqubo yabo yezandi ngendlela eyahlukileyo kunesiqhelo.
- Isidlalia seAudiogenic
Iingxaki ezidibeneyo zezi eveliswe kukungaboni kakuhle, kuba umntwana akakwazi ukuqonda ngokwaneleyo izandi ezifanayo. Ubuzaza be-dyslalia buya kunxulumana nenqanaba lokulahlekelwa kukuva (isithulu) kwaye phakathi kwamanyathelo aza kuthathwa kukusetyenziswa kwezinto zokuncedisa ukuva kunye nongenelelo kwezemfundo ukukhulisa ucalucalulo, ukufundisa amalungu angabikhoyo, ukufunda imilebe, njl.
- Idyslalia yendalo
Ukuphazamiseka ngokudibeneyo okukhuthazwa ngu Uguquko lwezinto eziphilayo. Oko kukuthi, xa amaziko obuchwephesha bengqondo echaphazeleka okanye kukho ukungalunganga kwe-anatomical okanye ukungalunganga kwimilebe, inkalakahla, ulwimi, njalo njalo, ibizwa ngokuba yi-dysglossia.
Dysglossia
Sisiphazamiso sokucaciswa kweefonimsi zemvelaphi esembindini engeyiyo-ye-neurological kwaye ibangelwa ngokwasemzimbeni okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwamalungu asemaphandleni. Unobangela wedysglossia unokwahluka; Ukusuka kwiziphene ze-craniofacial congenital okanye iingxaki zokukhula, ukuya kwintlungu okanye iingxaki zengqondo.
Kuxhomekeka kwindawo apho kwenzeka khona ukungalunganga komzimba, esi sifo sihlelwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo:
- Umlomo we-dysglossia
- I-dysglossia ebhaliweyo
- Idysglossia yamazinyo
- Idysglossia yolwimi
- I-Palatal (palate) idysglossia
Dysphemia
Yeyona disfluencia o ubunzima kwintetho eqhelekileyo yokuthetha. Kubangela ukuphindwaphindwa kwamalungu okanye amagama okanye iindawo zokumisa eziphazamisayo eziphazamisa ukuthetha kakuhle (ukuthintitha). Ukongeza, ukubonakaliswa kokuqina kwemisipha njengokuhamba kwesandla, ukuvala amehlo, izijekulo zobuso kunye nokuhamba komzimba ngokubanzi kongezwa kuyo. Ihlala ibonakala isencinci kwaye ixhaphake kakhulu emadodeni.
aphasia
Kukutshintsha kolwimi ngenxa ukwenzakala kwengqondo iveliswe emva kokufunyanwa kolwimi okanye ekuqhubekeni kwalo. I-Aphasia ithathelwa ingqalelo, ngokucacileyo, xa isenzeka emva kweminyaka emi-3 ubudala. Ukuphulukana nolwimi kwenzeka ngesiquphe kwaye kulandela ixesha lokufa isiqaqa. Kwimizuzu yokuqala umntwana unokuhlala esisimumu, okanye athethe amagama ambalwa.
IDysphasia
Esi sifo sisebenza ngokubanzi kubantwana abane- ingxaki enkulu yolwimikwaye oonobangela bazo abangekho ngenxa yezizathu ezibonakalayo ezinje: ukungeva, ukudodobala kwengqondo, ubunzima beemoto, ukuphazamiseka ngokweemvakalelo okanye ukuphazamiseka kubuntu.