Kuyini ukudla okungashintshiwe? Izinzuzo kanye nezingozi

I-Los ukudla kwe-transgenic konke lokho kudla okuqukethe izithako noma okukhiqizwe ku-a ukuguqulwa kofuzo. Ngale ndlela izinzuzo ezithile zingatholakala, ezihlukene futhi zizoncika ekuguqulweni ngakunye.

Zenziwe ngomphumela futhi lokho kungukudala umkhiqizo ofanayo ngesici esifiselekayo. Kodwa kukhona impikiswano enkulu emhlabeni wonke mayelana nezinzuzo nezingozi zokudla ukudla okuguquguqukayo. UkuBhalA.com Ikunikeza imininingwane ngale ndaba ukuze ukwazi ukunquma ukuthi yisiphi isikhundla ozosithatha.

Kuzalwa kanjani ukudla okungashintshiwe?

Ukuphathwa kwalokhu kudla owazalwa ngo-1983 ngokukhiqizwa kwesitshalo sokuqala esishintshashintshayo. Kuthathe iminyaka ukuthi ukuthengiswa kokudla kokuqala kugunyazwe ngo-1994.

Kusuka manje ibilokhu ikhula ngamanani engeziwe. Kubonakala sengathi yamukelwe kahle futhi namuhla isivele yasakazeka ezitshalweni nxazonke Amahektha ayizigidi eziyi-114,3 emazweni angama-23, eziningi zazo zingaphansi kokuthuthukiswa. E-United States, ama-89% amasimu kabhontshisi wesoya awashintshile, kanye nama-83% akotini kanye nama-61% ommbila.

Yimiphi imisebenzi enayo ukudla okungashintshiwe?

ubunjiniyela bofuzo Kwenziwa ngezitshalo noma amabhaktheriya namanye ama-microorganisms amancane kakhulu. Kufinyelelwa ngokwakha isakhi sofuzo esilungisiwe noma i-DNA esitshalweni noma esilwaneni, ngesifiso sokufakwa kwezinye izilwane nezitshalo. Ngale ndlela, ososayensi bazivumela isiqinisekiso sokukhetha isakhi esithile sofuzo esizofakwa futhi ngaleyo ndlela dala ukudla okusha okunezici ozifunayo.

Izinzuzo ezikhona zokudla okuyi-GM yilezi:

• Ukudla okunomsoco okwengeziwe.
• Ukudla okumnandi okwengeziwe.
• Izimila ukumelana nesomiso nezifo, ezidinga izinsiza ezimbalwa zemvelo (amanzi, umanyolo, njll.)
• Ukudalwa kwezitshalo ezikhona ukumelana kakhulu nemithi yokubulala ukhula. Ngale ndlela, futhi ngaphandle kokuba khona kwamakhambi, bancintisana kangcono ngokukhula okuqinisekisiwe ngenxa yamanzi nezakhi.
• Ukuncipha kokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane.
• Kwanda ngo ukuhlinzekwa kokudla ngezindleko ezincishisiwe futhi ngokuqina okukhulu ngaphambi kokudayiswa.
• Ukukhula okusheshayo ezitshalweni nasezilwaneni, ezisetshenziswa ngekhono emazweni amaningi lapho zidinga ukusheshiswa khona. Isibonelo, i-salmon ye-GM ithatha ingxenye yesikhathi ukukhula kune-salmon yasendle.
• Alimentos ngezici ezifiseleka kakhulu, njengamazambane (amazambane) amunca amafutha amancane lapho ethosiwe.
• ukudla okwelaphayo engasetshenziswa njengemithi yokugoma noma eminye imithi.
• Izitshalo zimelana kakhulu nezinambuzane nezifo adalwe amagciwane, isikhunta namagciwane. Leli qiniso libaluleke kakhulu njengoba kukhona amazwe alidingayo ngenxa yokulahlekelwa kwawo okukhulu kwezomnotho. I-bacterium "Bacillus Thuringensis" ifakwe, esebenza njenge-insecticide futhi ivikela izitshalo. Umphumela uwukwenza lo mgoqo kwezinye izitshalo futhi usebenze njengesibulala-zinambuzane. Leli gciwane liphinde linciphise amazinga e-mycotoxin ezindlebeni.

Izingozi ezingaba khona, phakathi kokunye,

• Izitshalo nezilwane eziguquliwe okungenzeka zibe nazo izinguquko zofuzo ezingalindelekile neziyingozi.
• okuguquliwe okuphilayo lokho zingazalanisa nezinto eziphilayo zemvelo futhi zingakhula ngaphezu kwazo, okuholela ekushabalaleni kwento ephilayo yokuqala noma eminye imiphumela yemvelo engalindelekile.
• izitshalo ezingaba ayizweli kancane kwezinye izinambuzane futhi isengozini kwezinye.
• I-Los imiphumela engemihle empilweni yomuntu: kuhlala kuneqembu eliphikisana nokuxhashazwa kokudla. I-thesis yakhe isekela ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwayo kungadala ukungezwani komzimba nezinye izinkinga zempilo. Kuye kwaboniswa ukuthi umdumbula, uma uphethwe uma ungalungiswanga kahle, ungaba ukudla okubulalayo.
• Uma bekhona futhi imiphumela emibi ezilwaneni zasendle. Ukusetshenziswa kweminye imithi yokubulala ukhula ezitshalweni ezimelana nokufana akugcini nje ngokuqeda ukhula, kodwa kungathinta izilwane zasendle. Kulokhu, ukuze impova izinambuzane futhi zizuzisa kangakanani flora yethu.

Ayikho eyodwa emhlabeni wonke umthethonqubo wokusetshenziswa nokudayiswa kokudla okuguquguqukayo. Okunye ukukhathazeka kuzwakala uma kukhulunywa ngokusetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke. Kuze kube manje abukho ubufakazi obuphelele bokuthi kunezinkinga ezinkulu ngakho-ke kukhona indikimba ehlola ukuvunyelwa kwayo. Sikhuluma ngayo I-FDA, i-United States Environmental Protection Agency, kanye noMnyango Wezolimo wase-United States. Bazama ukuhlola ukuphepha komkhiqizo wokugcina ukuze wamukelwe ngesiqinisekiso esiphelele phakathi kwabantu, izilwane, izitshalo kanye nemvelo.

Izimiso zokuziphatha mayelana nokusebenza kwazo

Ngokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe Kuhlale kunezwi lesibili izwi elihlala limelene nofuzo lokuxhashazwa kokudla futhi elingasongela impilo yabantu. Ukukhathazeka okuvezwayo kudala izimpikiswano ezithile, ngoba abakuboni kuwukuziphatha ukusebenzisa udayi owenza inhlanzi ikhanye ukuze ibanjwe kangcono kakhulu noma ukusebenzisa umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kummbila ukuze nje ukhange nakakhulu.

Abagqugquzeli bofuzo lokuxhaphaza ukudla bathi impilo yomphakathi iyahlaselwa, njengoba kunemikhakha enokungabaza okuhlukahlukene abasakwazi ukuyicacisa nalapho isayensi ingakazivezi khona ukuze ikwazi ukuyicacisa.

Kukhona eziningi izikhungo zezemvelo nezemvelo noma izinhlangano eziqhubeka nokusekela ezolimo zebhayoloji kanye nemvelo. Bakhuthaza ukuthi ukudla kusezingeni eliphezulu nokuthi akuzange kuphathwe ngokuguqulwa kofuzo noma ukuguqulwa, noma kwezinye izimo ukuthi amakhemikhali e-agrotoxic kanye ne-agrotoxics asetshenziselwa ukukhula kwakho.

Ngokombono, konke okushintshiwe mayelana nempilo yezilwane, imvelo kanye nempilo yabantu hlala ugcine ukulawula okuphelele, kodwa akwaziwa ukuthi okuningi kwalokhu kukhohlisa kuhlelwe ukuze kuzuze izimboni ezithile. Abakuvikelayo yilokho kulawula kanye izimo kufanele zigcwaliseke futhi zihlonishwe. Umyalelo waseYurophu we-1997 udinga ukuthi yonke imikhiqizo ye-transgenic ilawule:

• Kufanele babonise ukuthi bawusizo futhi bayadingeka.
• Ukuthi baphephile empilweni yomuntu kanye nemvelo.
• Ukuthi ukuziphendukela kwemvelo nezici zabo kuyaqhubeka kuhlolwa, njengoba kufanele zicaciswe ukuze zigcinwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
• Yonke imikhiqizo kufanele ibe nelebula enemininingwane ecacisa ukuthi umkhiqizo ushintshiwe yini ngokofuzo.