Umuthi wenuzi, uyini nokuthi wenzeleni

Umuthi wenuzi

La umuthi wenuzi Kuyinto ekhethekile yezokwelapha esebenza ikakhulukazi futhi ikakhulukazi ngokuxilongwa kweziguli. Inikeza imininingwane ebalulekile futhi esebenzayo, kanye nokwelashwa okuyikho kwezifo ezahlukahlukene. Isebenzisa ama-radioisotopes noma ama-isotopu anemisebe, okungukuthi, imisebe yenuzi kanye namanye amasu we-biophysical ukuze ukuxilongwa kunembe kakhulu.

Umuthi wenuzi isebenza ukuthola noma yikuphi okubi emzimbeni, ama-isotopu anemisebe ephethe ukulawula umzimba ngemizila ehlukene futhi ngaleyo ndlela athole noma yikuphi ukugula. Lezi isotopes zingazinza, okungukuthi, azikhiphi imisebe noma ezinye izinto ezinemisebe.

Imisebe ekhishwayo ingaba eyehlukile:

  • Imisebe yeGamma, okungukuthi, imisebe kagesi.
  • Ukukhishwa kwezinhlayiya ze-alpha noma ze-beta.

Imisebe yenziwe ngumuntu futhi ivela ekuphenduleni kwenuzi okulawulwayo okwenzeka kuma-reactor enuzi noma ama-cyclotrons. Zitholakala ngezinhlobo ezimbili zamakhemikhali:

  • Izakhiwo ezilula
  • Izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi zamangqamuzana, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-radiopharmaceuticals.

Kuyini nokuthi kuyini

Njengoba siphawule umuthi wenuzi uyigatsha lokucabanga kwezokwelapha elisebenzisa inani elincane lezinto ezinemisebe ye-radio Ukuze wazi futhi unqume ubucayi besifo okukhulunywa ngaso, kufaka phakathi izifo eziningi esikwaziyo ukusithola: izinhlobo zomdlavuza, isifo senhliziyo, izifo zamathumbu, izinzwa nokunye okungahambi kahle.

Lolu hlobo lomuthi iyakwazi ukubona yonke imisebenzi yamangqamuzana emzimbeni, unikeze amandla okukhomba izifo ezinyathelweni zokuqala zokudalwa.

Isebenza Kanjani Imithi Yenyukliya

Umuthi wenuzi isebenzisa umenzeli wesithombe othi uma esengaphakathi komzimba akwazi ukukhipha isignali, leso siginali sitholwa yidivayisi yokuthola isithombe ekwazi ukuyikhulisa futhi iqonde ukuthi kwenzekani kulowo mzimba. Ama-probing imaging aqoqeka esithombeni esithile, abopha amaseli athile, avumela ukubonwa nokukalwa kwezinqubo zebhayoloji kanye nomsebenzi weselula.

Kwezokwelapha zenuzi, i-imaging agent iyinhlanganisela yamangqamuzana lokho kufaka ingxenye encane kakhulu yama-radioactive agents futhi laba yibo abaphethe ukuthola usebenzisa ikhamera ye-gamma noma ikhamera ye-PET izimpawu ezitholakele.

Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi yenuzi

Odokotela basebenzisa le ndlela yesimanje ngezinqubo ezilandelayo:

  • Inhliziyo- Bona ukugeleza kwegazi, hlola ukusebenza kwenhliziyo, thola isifo semithambo yenhliziyo nezinga le-coronary stenosis. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iyakwazi ukuhlola ukulimala ngemuva kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, ihlole izinketho zeziguli ezedlula nge-bypass noma i-angioplasty, kanye nokuthola ukwenqatshwa kokufakwa kanye nokuhlolwa ngemuva kwe-chemotherapy.
  • Amalunga: Le ndlela yenzelwa ukuthola izinkinga zokuhamba kwegazi nezinkinga zokuphefumula, kanye nokuthola ukwenqatshwa kokufakelwa kabusha.
  • Amathambo: ihlola amathambo ngokuphuka, ukutheleleka, noma isifo samathambo. Ihlola okufakelwa, izicubu zethambo, bese ikhomba amasayithi we-biopsy.
  • Brain- Ilungele ukuphenya okungajwayelekile, ukuquleka, ukulahleka kwememori, nokuphazamiseka kokugeleza kwegazi. Ingathola isifo sikaParkinson, izicubu zobuchopho futhi isize ngokuhlela okuhle kokuhlinzwa.
  • Umdlavuza: ithola ama-lymph node ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ezigulini ezinomdlavuza webele noma wesikhumba, kanye nokutholakala kwezicubu ezimhlophe. Izimila ezingavamile kumanyikwe noma izindlala ze-supranerral.
  • IzinsoUmuthi wenuzi usiza ukuhlaziya ukusebenza kwendabuko nokufakelwa kabusha okungenzeka, ukuthola ukuvinjelwa komgudu womchamo, ukuhlola umfutho wegazi ophezulu ohlobene nemithambo yezinso.

Ngenxa yalezi zindlela ezintsha, odokotela, ososayensi kanye nabasebenzi bezempilo bathole intuthuko enkulu ku:

  • Qonda izindlela zezifo ezahlukahlukene. 
  • Thola ngokushesha izidakamizwa ezintsha.
  • Bathuthukise indlela ye- ukukhethwa kwemithi ekhethekile isiguli ngasinye ngokwezidingo zaso.
  • Bahlola ngokucophelela nangokuqondile impendulo yesiguli ekwelashweni okusha.
  • Kutholakele izindlela ezintsha zokukhomba abantu abasengozini yezifo ezithile futhi ngezinye izikhathi sína.

Umuthi wenuzi, imiphumela engemihle

Izindlela zokwelapha zenuzi azikhubazi, ngaphandle kwemijovo efakwa emithanjeni, kepha imvamisa izivivinyo zezokwelapha azibuhlungu futhi zisiza isiguli nodokotela, ngoba ngenxa yalezi zivivinyo ezintsha udokotela angakwazi ukuxilonga nokuhlola izimo zezokwelapha ezihamba phambili. Lawa ma-scan asebenzisa izinto ezinemisebe, ebizwa ngama-radiosondes noma ama-radiopharmaceuticals.

Ukutholakala kwe- Ama-X-ray ayishintshe ngokuphelele indlela yokuqonda imithinjengoba kwenza ukuthi odokotela nososayensi bakwazi ukubona ukuthi kwenzekani ngaphakathi komzimba ophilayo. Ngokungafani nezinye izifundo ezivamile zokucabanga, umuthi wenuzi uyakwazi ukubona ngeso lengqondo ukusebenza komzimba usaphila, unikeze imininingwane ethe xaxa ezingeni lamangqamuzana namangqamuzana.

Kodwa-ke, ukusebenzisa kabi lezi zinhlobo zokwelashwa nokuxilongwa kungaba nemiphumela emibi engalindelekile, sizokutshela ngezansi yiziphi izingozi ezitholakele kuze kube manje.

  • Ngenxa yemithamo emincane ye-radiotracer enikeziwe, kungahle kube njalo isiguli sichayeka emisebeni ephansi engaba yingozi. Kodwa-ke, kuphansi kakhulu ukuthi izinzuzo zemithi yenuzi zikhulu kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokuphazamiseka ongahle uhlupheke ngakho esikhathini esizayo.
  • Okwamanje, lezi zinqubo zisetshenziswe eminyakeni engama-50 edlule nanamuhla akukho miphumela emibi engaba khona evela ekuvezweni okunjalo etholakele.
  • Izingozi ezingase zivele zizohlala zihlolisiswa ngumelaphi wezokwelapha zenuzi.
  • Ukusabela okweqile kuma-radiopharmaceuticals kungenzeka kepha zenzeka ngokungavamile kakhulu futhi imvamisa zimnene futhi zelapheka kalula. Kodwa-ke, kuyalulekwa ukutshela udokotela wakho ukuthi iziphi izixwayiso ezingezwani nomzimba wakho ukuze ugweme izifo ezinkulu.
  • Umjovo ungadala ubuhlungu obuncane nobubomvu obunyamalala ngokushesha okukhulu.
  • Endabeni abesifazane kumele batshele udokotela wabo ukuthi ngabe bakhulelwe noma bancelisa ibele.

Izindlela zokwelapha ezibandakanya imithi yenuzi

Imithi yenuzi ifaka izindlela zokwelapha eziningana ezingazinikeza zonke izinhlobo zeziguli, sizogxila kwi-scintigraphy ehlukile:

  • I-Bone scintigraphy: lokhu kuvumela ukutadisha izifo zesistimu yemisipha. Ukuhlolwa kuboniswa ekutholeni ukuguqulwa kwamathambo we-metabolic, traumatic, infectious or tumorous.
  • I-scintigraphy yamaphaphu: liphethe ukwazi ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini ukuvimba noma i-thrombus emithanjeni yamaphaphu.
  • Ukuskena izinso: ivumela ukuthola imininingwane ye-morphological kuwo womabili ama-silhouettes ezinso, kungenzeka ukwazi ngokunemba okukhulu iphesenti lomsebenzi elihambisana nelinye lawo.
  • Iskena sendlala yegilo- Hlaziya uphinde uhlole ukwakheka kwendlala yegilo. Isetshenziselwa ukuthola izinsalela zokuhlinzwa eziphelele noma eziyingxenye, kanye izicubu ze-ectopic thyroid, cyst thyroglossal, noma amaqhuqhuva.
  • Ukuskena kwamathambo: ukuhlola kwamathambo okuvumela ukuthola izinguquko ezincane zokusebenza ngaphambi kokuthi kubonakale nge-X-ray.
  • Isotope Ventriculography
  • ISITHOMBE SOBuchopho: Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa ukukala ukugeleza kwegazi ezindaweni ezihlukene zobuchopho, kuhlinzeke imininingwane yokuthi lesi sitho sisebenza kanjani.
  • ISENZO SENhliziyo: Isivivinyo esenziwa ukuhlola ukugeleza kwegazi kwemisipha yenhliziyo (myocardium). Uma ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ngokuphumula, kungathola izindawo zemisipha efile (i-myocardial infarction). Uma ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ngemuva kwesikhuthazi somzimba noma okwenziwe yizidakamizwa, kungathola izindawo zemisipha ezithola igazi elincane (i-coronary ischemia).
  • Isotopic Renogram- Lokhu kuskena kuhlaziya ukusebenza kohlelo lwe-renal ukuthola imininingwane kuzo zonke izinso.
  • I-Positron emission tomography: Lolu vivinyo lwaziwa nangokuthi yi-PET (Positron Emission Tomography) futhi luhlobo lokucabanga okungacasuli okuxilonga okunezinkomba zalo ezinkulu ezinesilinganiso sokwelapha ngaphakathi kwe-oncology, neurology kanye ne-cardiology.

Imithi yenuzi nokuskena kwamathambo

Ukuskena amathambo kusiza ukuthola umdlavuza osukhulile noma osabalale ngamathambo. Isiza ukuqapha ukuthi ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamathambo kusebenza kanjani.

Isebenza kanjani

IScintigraphy ukuhlolwa kwemithi yenuziLokhu kusho ukuthi inani elincane kakhulu lezinto ezinomsakazo, elaziwa nangokuthi i-tracer, liyasetshenziswa ngesikhathi senqubo. Umaki ufakwa emthanjeni bese umthambo uwusabalalisa kuwo wonke umzimba.. Uma umzimba umunce umaka omningi endaweni eyodwa, kungenzeka ukuthi kukhombisa ukuthi umdlavuza utholakala kuphi.

Njalo umzimba wonke uskeniwe ngale nquboUma imiphumela ikhombisa ukulimala kwamathambo kungenzeka ukuthi kungenxa yomdlavuza, futhi ngalesi sikhathi, kungakuhle ukuthi uqhubeke nokuhlolwa okuningi ukuze kutholakale ngokushesha.

Umnyango we-radiology noma wemithi yenuzi ovela esibhedlela kanye nesikhungo sangaphandle sokuthatha izithombe baphethe ukwenza lezi zivivinyo ezithile.

Inqubo yokuskena amathambo

Njengomthetho ojwayelekile, awudingi amalungiselelo akhethekile ngaphambi kokwenza lolu vivinyo.a, akudingekile ukuthi uhambe ngesisu esingenalutho. Kufanele utshele udokotela wakho ukuthi yikuphi ukungezwani komzimba onakho kanye nemithi oyiphuzayo ngaleso sikhathi.

Ngesikhathi senqubo umaka uzofakwa emzimbeni ngomthambo engalweni. Umjovo ungahle ungakhululeki, kepha ngeke uzizwe umaki ungena emzimbeni wakho. Ikhamera izohamba umzimba wonke futhi kuzothatha izithombe zomaka osemathanjeni.

Kuzothatha phakathi kwehora namahora amane ukuthi amathambo awamunce ngokuphelele. Lapho inqubo isiqediwe, kulula ukuphuza uketshezi oluningi ukususa umaki osele ungagxiliwe ngumzimba. Inani le-radioactivity lizoba ngaphansi kunaleli le-X ray elijwayelekile. Konke ukuhlolwa kungathatha cishe ihora.

Umuthi wenuzi kanye nendlala yegilo

Ukuskena i-thyroid isebenzisa i-radioactive iodine tracer ukuhlola ukwakheka nokusebenza kwendlala yegilo. Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa ngendlela elula kakhulu:

  • Kunikezwa iphilisi eliqukethe inani elincane le-iodine enemisebe.noma. Lapho ugwinya, kufanele ulinde le iodine ukuthi iqoqane ku-thyroid.
  • Iskena sokuqala senziwa ngemuva kwamahora amane kuya kwayisithupha ngemuva kokudla iphilisi. Ngemuva kwamahora angama-24 kwenziwa okunye ukuskena.
  • Isithwebuli sithola indawo nokuqina kwemisebe ekhishwa yinto enemisebe.

Ukuqapha kweNyukliya

Izinqubo zemithi yenuzi zingathatha isikhathi, ama-radiosondes angathatha kusuka emahoreni amaningana kuya ezinsukwini ukuqoqana engxenyeni yomzimba wentshisekelo. Ukufanekisa kungathatha kufikela emahoreni ambalwa, yize kwezinye izimo kutholakala imishini emisha enganciphisa isikhathi senqubo.

Izikena zemithi yenukliya zibucayi kakhulu kunezinye izindlela, njengokucabanga kwamagnetic resonance, ngokwesibonelo. Ukuhlolwa kusetshenziswa le ndlela ngokuvamile akunakutholakala uma kungenjalo, kutholakala kuphela ngenxa yama-radiosondes.

Nsuku zonke izinqubo zenuzi nezamakhemikhali zishintsha impilo yesigulifuthi. Yizindlela ezinhle kakhulu kwezokwelapha ezisiza ukuxilonga izinhlobo ezahlukene zomdlavuza, ukuthola kusenesikhathi nokulawula izindlela zokwelashwa ngokuphelele.


Amazwana ayi-2, shiya okwakho

Shiya umbono wakho

Ikheli lakho le ngeke ishicilelwe. Ezidingekayo ibhalwe nge *

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  1. Ubhekele imininingwane: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Inhloso yedatha: Lawula Ugaxekile, ukuphathwa kwamazwana.
  3. Ukusemthethweni: Imvume yakho
  4. Ukuxhumana kwemininingwane: Imininingwane ngeke idluliselwe kubantu besithathu ngaphandle kwesibopho esisemthethweni.
  5. Isitoreji sedatha: Idatabase ebanjwe yi-Occentus Networks (EU)
  6. Amalungelo: Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ungakhawulela, uthole futhi ususe imininingwane yakho.

  1.   UGabriel Edgar Figueroa Zapata kusho

    Kubhalwe kabi, kuchazwe kabi, kunokungahambisani, amaphutha namaphutha okwenza ulwazi luqukethe ukungabaza.

  2.   nidia alonso gomez kusho

    ebengikufuna ngokuphelele kuphelele