El Idama leCotoneaster Yiyo ityholo elirhubuluzayo elinamasebe athambileyo kwintsapho yaseRosaceae. Igama layo lisuka kwiLatini elithi "ikhotoneum” oko kuthetha ukuba iquince kunye “i-aster” nto leyo ethetha into efanayo. Isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiigadi ngenxa yobungakanani bayo obuncinci kunye nokukhula okunamandla, ngakumbi njengokhuselo lomhlaba.
Ekuqaleni ukusuka kwi imimandla yeentaba, amawa, amahlathi axubeneyo nomhlaba onamatye ukusuka eTshayina nakwiiHimalaya, ukutyhubela iinkulungwane iye yasasazeka ngokubanzi kulo lonke ilizwekazi laseYurophu nakwimimandla emininzi yeMpuma Ekude.
Izixhobo Idama leCotoneaster
Esi sisityholo esifuna ukugcinwa okuncinci kwaye sivumelane nazo zonke iintlobo zemihlaba, nokuba kunzima kakhulu. Olu hlobo lusasazeka ngokukhawuleza njengesiphumo sophawu lwayo lwendalo.
El Idama leCotoneaster Sihlahla esinobukhulu obuphantsi ngokufanelekileyo kunye nobubanzi obubanzi; Iziqu zayo zinde kwaye ziyarhubuluza, nto leyo eyenza ukuba yenze imigangatho eshinyeneyo ukusuka kuma-20 ukuya kuma-60 eesentimitha ukuphakama kwindawo ebalulekileyo yomhlaba.. Njengoko kusaziwa, ukukhula kwawo ngokukhawuleza. Amasebe awo anamasebe amaninzi abhityileyo kodwa omelele kwaye agqunywe ngamagqabi amancinane axineneyo ahlala eluhlaza. Amahlamvu ayo ayazingisa, enamagqabi ashinyeneyo, aluthwathwa, angumbhoxo, aluhlaza obumenyezelayo obumnyama kumphezulu ongaphezulu kunye noluhlaza okhanyayo kwicala elingaphantsi, ubude obuziisentimitha ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3.
Iintyatyambo zenzeka ekupheleni kukaMeyi kwaye zihlala kude kube ngoSeptemba.. Iintyatyambo ezincinci ezimhlophe ezihlotshiswe ngama-stamens amfusa, zineentyatyambo ezi-5 ezenza iintyatyambo ezigqwesileyo zokuhlobisa iindawo, ngenxa yobuninzi bazo kunye nokusabalalisa kunye namasebe awo ahlukeneyo. Ukongezelela, esi sihlahla sihlanjululwa ngokucokisekileyo zizinambuzane.
Amaqunube angqukuva kwaye aqulethe iimbewu ezi-5 ngaphakathi., zinombala obomvu obunzulu obuqaqambileyo. Ukuvuthwa kwazo kwenzeka phakathi kwenyanga kaSeptemba ukuya kweyeDwarha, zisetyenziswa ziintaka ezitya kuzo, nto leyo ezenza zibe yinxalenye yomdla kwindalo eyohlukeneyo yezitiya. Yomelele kakhulu, inyamezela ingqele, ungcoliseko lwedolophu nomoya kakuhle kakhulu. Ikhula kuzo zonke iindidi zomhlaba, kodwa ikhetha ezo zine-acidic kancinane kunye ne-limestone, eyomileyo kwaye engaguqukiyo, egcina ukutsha kunye nobutyebi kwizinto zezondlo eziyimfuneko ekukhuleni kwazo.
Ukulima kunye nokusasaza
Yiyo enye indlela ebalaseleyo yokufumana iikhaphethi kumhlaba onzima, ngenxa yokuba ayifuni ukugcinwa okanye ukunakekelwa okukhethekileyo, ngaphandle kokuthintela izifo. Ukuqinisekisa ukukhula okungcono, ukukhanya kwelanga okanye umthunzi omncinci kuyacetyiswa kulo naluphi na uhlobo lomhlaba olunokuhanjiswa okulungileyo.
Ukuvezwa kwayo emthunzini kuchaphazela kakubi ukudubula kwayo kunye namahlamvu.. Ngoko ke, ukuba injongo kukudala ikhaphethi, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba umthunzi unobungozi kwisityalo. Ngaphaya koko, indawo eqinisekileyo yesityalo iyafuneka kwasekuqaleni kokutyala, ekubeni iingcambu zaso azinamandla zenza kube nzima ukutshintshwa kwaso.
Kungcono ukutyala ukususela ngo-Okthobha ukuya ku-Epreli, isityalo esinye kuphela kwimbiza, ngenxa yokuba inkqubo yeengcambu zayo inqabile. Yena Idama leCotoneaster funa ukunkcenkceshela ngexesha lasehlotyeni ukukhuthaza ukukhula kweengcambu zayo, ukuze ikhule ngokuchanekileyo. Amasebe alo abanzi anokunqunyulwa kwinto yokugubungela iindonga.
Kuyimfuneko ukugcina umgama omalunga nama-60 okanye i-100 yeesentimitha phakathi kwabo. Ewe kulungile Sisityalo esinganyangekiyo, ayinyamezeli imbalela ende kwaye ingakumbi ngexesha lokukhula kwayo. Ukuthintela ukuba ingaphulukani nezityalo kwisiseko sayo ngenxa yokukhula kwayo emacaleni, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kuthenwe okuphakathi ngonyaka. Ngokuqhelekileyo ukuthenwa kwezi zihlahla kuqhutyelwa ukufezekisa i-symmetry yabo., ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukususa amasebe angaphezulu kunye afile. Ukuthena kufuneka kwenziwe ekuqaleni kwentlakohlaza ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwesebe elitsha kwaye esi sihlahla sidinga isichumisi ukuba sisebenzise ngokupheleleyo amandla aso, ngakumbi entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni.
Iingcali zicebisa sebenzisa izichumisi nge peat kunye nomgquba, ulungiselela umaleko omalunga neesentimitha ezisi-8 zomhlaba. Ukufumana ukukhula okungcono kwehlathi, kuyasebenza ukusebenzisa izichumisi zegranular ezikhupha kancinci ezine potassium kunye ne phosphorus. Luphawu lwesityalo ukuba xa ixesha lophuhliso lugqityiwe, sifumana ukuzimela okugqwesileyo malunga namanzi.
Izifo kunye ne-parasites
Mealybugs
Xa ubukho bamabala amdaka bubonwa kumagqabi ale shrub, isenokuba luphawu lokuba ihlaselwe yi-mealybugs, enokuba mdaka okanye i-mealybugs. Zinokususwa ngesandla okanye ngokusetyenziswa kwezibulali-zinambuzane ezithile ezifumaneka kwiivenkile ezikhethekileyo.
umlilo
Iveliswa yibhaktheriya Erwinia amylovora. Ku malunga isifo esosulelayo esisasazeka lula phakathi kwezityalo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, akukaziwa indlela yokunyanga isityalo kwisifo esinjalo, ngoko ke okuseleyo kukunqumla iindawo ezosulelekileyo ukunciphisa uhlaselo lweebhaktheriya kancinci kwaye uzitshise ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwayo.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, usulelo lusasazeka ukusuka kwindawo ephezulu yamasebe kwaye luzibonakalisa ngokuyingozi kumasebe amancinci kwiimeko zemozulu ezifanelekileyo ukubonakala kwayo, ngakumbi kwiinyanga zikaMeyi ukuya kuSeptemba. Kufuneka kusetyenziswe amanyathelo athile awomeleleyo okuthintela izifo ezifana nokubulala iintsholongwane kwizixhobo ezisetyenziswa ekutheneni izityalo ezigulayo. Iimpawu zesi sifo sibi zezi; ukubonakala kwamabala abomvu emagqabini athi ke ajike abe mdaka, aze amagqabi abe nombala otyheli aze awele.
Zintwala
Iintwala nazo zinokuhlasela isityalo, ezi zezinye izinambuzane ezimhlophe nezityheli ezitya amagqabi. Zisenokuliwa ngokusetyenziswa kwezibulali-zinambuzane ezithile. Kwiindawo zogcino-zilwanyana ezi ntlobo zezityalo zinokuchaphazeleka kuhlaselo lwenyongo olusasazwa yi Agrobacterium tumyfaciens. Kufuneka sikuphaphele oko kunokwenzeka ukubonakala kwamathumba amancinci kwisiqu kunye neengcambu. Ikwachanabeka ekuhlaselweni ziimopane ezibizwa ngokuba zii-defoliating caterpillars.
Sebenzisa
Idla ngokusetyenziswa kwiigadi ze yenza iheji ezinemibala eyahlukeneyo yeemilo, uyilo lwayo enyanisweni iboleka kakuhle kule njongo, inika iigadi kunye neevillas ixabiso elikhulu lobuhle. Ukongeza ekubeni sisityalo esigqwesileyo sokulungiselela iimethi zemifuno nakwimihlaba enzima kakhulu, inkqubo yaso enzulu yeengcambu nayo iyenza ikwazi ukuzinzisa amathambeka kunye nokuthambekela.
Su iintyatyambo ezivelisa ubusi obuninzi, yenza kube nomtsalane kwizinambuzane ezisasaza imbewu, amabhabhathane neenyosi. Amaqunube alandela iintyatyambo ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba atyiwa ziintaka.