Yintoni isifo sika-Addison kwaye zintoni iimpawu zayo?

Isifo iAddison

Isifo iAddison sibangelwa kukutshatyalaliswa kwecortex yedlala ngalinye. Oku kuthetha ukuba i-adrenal gland ilahlekelwa amandla ayo okuvelisa iihomoni zeglucocorticoid, ngakumbi i-cortisol, i-aldosterone, kunye ne-sex steroids. Abantu abanesi sifo bavelisa iimpawu ngenxa ye oku kulahleka kwehomoni zeadrenal.

Malunga ne Iimpawu zesifo sika-Addison, kumele kuthiwe ezi mpawu zidla ngokuvela ngokuthe ngcembe. Oku kungenxa yokuba kuthatha iinyanga okanye iminyaka iadrenal cortex ifumana umonakalo omkhulu ngokwaneleyo ukubangela iimpawu emntwini. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iimpawu ezifana nokudinwa, ukunciphisa umzimba, ukuziva utyhafile, intlungu edibeneyo, kunye nokudandatheka kunokuchongwa.

Yintoni isifo sika-Addison?

Esi sifo senzeka phakathi Isi-4 kwi-100.000 yabantu ngonyaka. Iyenzeka kuzo zombini izini, nakweyiphi na iminyaka kwaye idla ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwiimeko zoxinzelelo lwe-metabolic, xa kukho ukwenzakala okanye usulelo. Amadlala e-adrenal abekwe ngaphezulu nje kwezintso kwaye xa echaphazeleka, adala inani elincinci lamahomoni athile, kubandakanya i-cortisol kunye ne-aldosterone.

Isifo iAddison

Isifo sika-Addison sikwabizwa ngokuba yi-adrenal insufficiency. Esona sizathu siqhelekileyo sesi sifo yi-autoimmunity, yiyo loo nto ibizwa ngokuba yi-autoimmune Addison's disease. Ngokuqhelekileyo, amajoni omzimba ahlasela iintsholongwane kunye neebhaktheriya ezihlaselayo, nangona kunjalo, xa kuziwa kwi-autoimmunity, amajoni omzimba ahamba kakubi. ukuhlasela nokutshabalalisa i-adrenal cortex ngokungathi lusulelo. Ukubeka ngenye indlela, i-adrenals yonakaliswa sisifo esizimelayo kunye nalapho inkqubo ye-autoimmune ihlasela iiseli kunye namalungu omntu ngokwakhe.

Xa kukho usulelo olubukhali kungenxa yokuba sepsis yenzekile. Ezinye izinto ezinokubangela utyando, ukwenzakala, okanye ilahleko sodium ngenxa ukubila kakhulu. Xa isiphelo singafikelelwanga, sinokuqwalaselwa ukuba kukho ingxaki ye-adrenal kwaye iphathwa ngokungafanelekanga okanye ukugqithisa ngokungalindelekanga kokutshintshwa kwehomoni.

Olunye usulelo olunokubangela isifo sika-Addison: Isifo sephephayenye yezona ziphumo zixhaphakileyo. Okanye xa unayo Intsholongwane kaGawulayo / uGawulayo apho i-immunodeficiency ayikwazi ukulwa nosulelo oluye lwabangelwa sisifo sika-Addison.

Isifo iAddison

Iimpawu zesifo sika-Addison

Iimpawu zivela kancinci banokuzibonakalisa kancinci kancinci kwaye ekugqibeleni banesifo ebiqhubela phambili ngokuqhubekayo. Kwiimeko ezininzi imeko yoxinzelelo okanye ukulimala kuyadalwa nto leyo eyenza ukuba iimpawu zibe mandundu. Ezi mpawu zilandelayo zinokuvela:

  • Ukudinwa okugqithisileyo kubonakala. Olona phawu luphambili kuxa kukho ukudinwa okugqithisileyo kunye nobuthathaka bezihlunu, okukhokelela ekubeni izihlunu zibe buthathaka. Ukungabikho kwemveliso ye-cortisol kunye ne-aldosterone yimbangela yalo mqondiso.
  • Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi, enentloko ebuhlungu, isiyezi kwanokuphelelwa ngamandla. Ukuhamba kancinci, ukozela kunye nokungagxininisi nako kunokwenzeka. Uya kuziva unganyamezeli ingqele kunye nobushushu.
  • Intlungu zesisu.
  • Isicaphucaphu, urhudo, okanye ukugabha (ngokuqhelekileyo iingxaki zesisu).
  • Ukunciphisa umzimba kunye nokunciphisa ukutya. Ezinye iimpawu kufuneka zihlolwe ukuze lo mqondiso ungabhidaniswa nophawu loxinzelelo okanye i-anorexia.
  • hyperpigmentation, apho ulusu lube mnyama. Xa i-ACTH (ihomoni eveliswa yi-pituitary gland) isanda kwaye i-cortisol iyancipha, kuxa i-skin hyperpigmentation isenzeka. Ibonakala naphi na emzimbeni, inamabala akwimo yamabala okanye imibimbi. Kwezinye iimeko kwenzeka i-vitiligo, luphawu oluchasene ne-hyperpigmentation yolusu, apho ulusu luluthuthu.
  • Ndifuna ngokwenene ukutya ityuwa. Oku kungenxa yokungabikho kweqabane emzimbeni kunye nomthamo weplasma. Ukunqongophala kwe-aldosterone kubangela ukunqwenela ukutya okunetyuwa.
  • Uxinzelelo lwegazi lusezantsi nethuba lokuziva isiyezi esikhulu xa umile.
  • I-Hypoglycemia: iswekile yegazi ephantsi.
  • Isifo seswekile insipidus.
  • zivele ngequbuliso ukunganyamezeli ukutya kunye neziyobisi.
  • Kufuneka uchame rhoqo.
  • Izilonda ngaphakathi emlonyeni. Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo ziya kuba phakathi kwezilonda kunye nezilonda.
  • Iintlungu kwizihlunu kunye namalungu.
  • ukulahleka kweenwele zomzimba kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle ngokwesondo kwabasetyhini.
  • ukudakumba kunye nokucaphuka. Kukho utshintsho olubalulekileyo oluneemvakalelo, oogqirha okanye iingcali zihlala ziyibhidanisa kuba zihamba nomzuzwana woxinzelelo okanye ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Kwezi meko, i-antidepressants imiselwe kwaye ide ibe neziphumo ezibi kakhulu kuba zidala ukusilela kwe-adrenal.

Xa unengxaki yokungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-adrenal, iimpawu zinokuvela ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngokukhawuleza. Ngaphambi kokubonakala kwezi zibonakaliso, kuyimfuneko ukuya kugqirha ongxamisekileyo ukwenzela ukuba ukutshitshiswa okusongela ubomi kungabangelwa. Phakathi kwezi mpawu:

  • Ukuphazamiseka.
  • Ubuthathaka ngokubanzi kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi.
  • Iintlungu kumqolo ophantsi kunye nemilenze.
  • Ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu, kunye norhudo kunye nokuhlanza.

Isifo iAddison

Sifunyaniswa njani isifo sika-Addison

Ukuxilongwa kuya kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa izilingo zonyango. Kuyimfuneko ukuqokelela uninzi lweempawu ukuze kwenziwe uvavanyo kunye nolunye uhlobo lovavanyo lunokwenziwa.

  • Kuya kwenziwa uvavanyo lwegazi ukuvavanya amanqanaba egazi le-sodium, i-hydrocortisone, i-potassium, kunye ne-hormone ye-adrenocorticotropic evuselela i-adrenal cortex ukuvelisa amahomoni. nayo iyakuxatyiswa umlinganiselo wamajoni omzimba.
  • Uvavanyo lwe-adrenocorticotropin hormone stimulation. Kuya kufuneka ulinganise amanqanaba ayo kuba ingunobangela wokuyalela amadlala eadrenal ukuba avelise i-hydrocortisone.
  • Uvavanyo lwe-hypoglycemia i-insulin. Kubandakanya ukujonga iswekile yegazi (iswekile) kunye namanqanaba e-hydrocortisone emva kokunika inaliti ye-insulin. Kubantu abasempilweni, amanqanaba eglucose ayancipha ngaphandle kwengxaki kwaye amanqanaba e-hydrocortisone ayanda.
  • Ukuxilongwa kwemifanekiso apho i-CT scan yendawo yesisu yenziwa ukujonga ubungakanani be-adrenal gland kwaye ibone ukuba kukho naziphi na izinto ezingaqhelekanga. Olunye udubulo olunokuthi luyalelwe yi-MRI ye-pituitary gland.

Unyango olunokumiselwa

Unyango luya kuba ngamayeza. Kufuneka ulungise amanqanaba e-hormone ye-steroid ukuba umzimba awuvelisi. Xa uthatha la mayeza, i-hydrocortisone, i-prednisone okanye i-methylprednisolone iya kwenziwa ukuba ithathe indawo ye-cortisol. I-Fludrocortisone acetate nayo iya kumiselwa ukuba ithathe indawo ye-aldosterone.


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