Yintoni ukutya okuguquguqukayo? Iinzuzo kunye nobungozi

Los Ukutya okudlulayo Kuko konke oko kutya kuqulathe izithako okanye okuveliswe kwi-a ukuguqulwa kofuzo. Ngale ndlela izibonelelo ezithile zinokufumaneka, eziya kuhlukahluka kwaye ziya kuxhomekeka kuhlengahlengiso ngalunye.

Zenziwe ngesiphumo kwaye oko kukudala imveliso efanayo nophawu olufunekayo. Kodwa kukho impikiswano enkulu kwihlabathi jikelele malunga neenzuzo kunye nobungozi bokutya ukutya okutshintshelwe kwi-transgenic. Uludwe.com Ukunika ulwazi ngalo mbandela ukuze uthathe isigqibo sokuba uza kwamkela siphi isikhundla.

Kuzalwa njani ukutya okuguquguqukayo?

Ukuphathwa koku kutya Wazalwa ngo-1983 kunye nokuveliswa kwesityalo sokuqala se-transgenic. Kuthathe iminyaka ukuba ukuthengiswa kokutya kokuqala kuvunywe ngo-1994.

Ukususela ngoku ukuya phambili iye ikhula ngokwemali eyongezelelweyo. Kubonakala ngathi yamkelwe kakuhle kwaye namhlanje sele isasazeke kwizityalo ngeenxa zonke I-114,3 yezigidi zeehektare kumazwe angama-23, ezininzi zazo ziphantsi kophuhliso. E-United States, i-89% yamasimi eembotyi zesoya ayitshintshi, kunye ne-83% yomqhaphu kunye ne-61% yombona.

Yeyiphi imisebenzi onayo ukutya okuguquguqukayo?

ubunjineli bemfuzo Yenziwa ngezityalo okanye iibhaktheriya kunye nezinye ii-microorganisms ezincinci kakhulu. Iphunyezwa ngokudala i-gene elungisiweyo okanye i-DNA evela kwisityalo okanye isilwanyana, kunye nomnqweno wokufakwa kwezinye izilwanyana kunye nezityalo. Ngale ndlela, izazinzulu zivumela isiqinisekiso sokukhetha i-gene ethile ukuba ifakwe kwaye ngaloo ndlela dala ukutya okutsha kunye neempawu ezifunwayo.

Izibonelelo ezinokubakho zokutya kwe-GM zezi:

• Ukutya okuninzi okunesondlo.
• Ukutya okumnandi ngakumbi.
• I zityalo ukumelana nembalela kunye nezifo, ezifuna imithombo embalwa yendalo esingqongileyo (amanzi, isichumiso, njl.njl.)
• Ukudalwa kwezityalo ezizizo ukumelana ngakumbi nemichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula. Ngale ndlela, kwaye ngaphandle kobukho bemifuno, bakhuphisana ngcono ekukhuleni okuqinisekisiweyo ngakumbi ngenxa yamanzi kunye nezondlo.
• Ukuncipha kokusetyenziswa kwezibulali-zinambuzane.
• Yanda ngaphakathi ukubonelela ngokutya ngexabiso elithotyiweyo kunye nokuqina okukhulu phambi kokuthengiswa.
• Ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kwezityalo nakwizilwanyana, esetyenziswa ngobuchule kumazwe amaninzi apho afuna ukukhawuleziswa. Umzekelo, isalmon yeGM ithatha isiqingatha sexesha ukukhula kunesalmon yasendle.
• Ukutya kunye neempawu ezinqwenelekayo ngakumbi, njengeitapile (iitapile) ezifunxa amanqatha amancinci xa ziqhotsiweyo.
• ukutya kwamayeza ezinokusetyenziswa njengezitofu zokugonya okanye amanye amayeza.
• Izityalo ziyakwazi ukumelana nezinambuzane kunye nezifo eyenziwe ziintsholongwane, umngundo kunye neebhaktheriya. Le nyaniso ibaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yokuba kukho amazwe ayidingayo ngenxa yelahleko enkulu yezoqoqosho. Ibhaktheriya "Bacillus Thuringensis" ifakwe, esebenza njenge-insecticide kwaye isebenza ukukhusela izityalo. Isiphumo kukudala lo mqobo kwezinye izityalo kwaye usebenze njengesibulali zinambuzane. Le bhaktiriya ikwanciphisa amanqanaba e-mycotoxin ezindlebeni.

Imingcipheko enokubakho, phakathi kwabanye:

• Izityalo ezilungisiweyo kunye nezilwanyana ezinokuba nazo utshintsho olungalindelekanga noluyingozi kwimfuza.
• izinto eziphilayo ezilungisiweyo ukuba zinokuzalana nezinto eziphilayo zendalo kwaye zinokukhula ngaphezu kwazo, okukhokelela ekuphelisweni kwendalo yokuqala okanye ezinye iziphumo ezingalindelekanga zendalo esingqongileyo.
• izityalo ezinokuthi zibe Iyakwazi ukumelana nezinambuzane kwaye ichaphazeleka ngakumbi kwezinye.
• Los iziphumo ezibi kwimpilo yabantu: kusoloko kukho iqela elichasene nokuguqulwa kokutya. Ithisisi yakhe ixhasa ukuba ukuguqulwa kwayo kunokudala i-allergies kunye nezinye iingxaki zempilo. Kuye kwaboniswa ukuba i<em>cassava, xa ithe yaphathwa ukuba ayilungiswanga kakuhle, isenokuba kukutya okubulalayo.
• Ukuba zikho kwakhona iziphumo ezibi kwizilwanyana zasendle. Ukusetyenziswa kweminye imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula kwizityalo ezixhathisa okufanayo akuphelisi ukhula kuphela, kodwa kunokuchaphazela izilwanyana zasendle. Kule meko, kwiinambuzane ze-pollinating kunye nokuba ziluncedo kangakanani kwizityalo zethu.

Akukho namnye emhlabeni ummiselo wokusetyenziswa kunye nokuthengiswa kokutya okuguquguqukayo. Inkxalabo ethile ivakala xa kufikwa ekusetyenzisweni kwihlabathi liphela. Okwangoku akukho bungqina obucacileyo bokuba kukho iingxaki ezinkulu kwaye ngoko kukho iqumrhu elivavanya ukuvunywa kwalo. Sithetha ngayo I-FDA, i-Arhente yoKhuseleko lweNdalo yase-United States, kunye neSebe lezoLimo lase-United States. Bazama ukuvavanya ukhuseleko lwemveliso yokugqibela ukuze yamkelwe ngesiqinisekiso esipheleleyo phakathi kwabantu, izilwanyana, izityalo kunye nokusingqongileyo.

Iimpembelelo zokuziphatha malunga nokusebenza kwabo

Ngenkqubela phambili yezobuchwepheshe Kuhlala kukho ilizwi lesibini ilizwi elihlala lichasene nokuguqulwa kofuzo lokutya kwaye oko kunokusongela impilo yabemi. Inkxalabo evakaliswayo ibangela iimpikiswano ezithile, ekubeni bengakuboni kuyimilinganiselo yokuziphatha ukusebenzisa idayi eyenza intlanzi ikhazimle ukuze ibambeke kakuhle okanye ukusebenzisa umbala ozuba kumbona ukuze nje ube nomtsalane ngakumbi.

Abameli bokuguqulwa kofuzo lokutya bathi impilo yoluntu iyahlaselwa, ekubeni kukho imimandla enamathandabuzo awahlukahlukeneyo abangekakwazi ukuyicacisa nalapho inzululwazi ingakhange ibonakale khona ukuze ikwazi ukuyicacisa.

Zininzi amaziko okusingqongileyo kunye nendalo okanye imibutho eqhubeka nokuxhasa ulimo lwebhayoloji kunye nendalo. Bakhuthaza ukuba ukutya kusemgangathweni kwaye akuzange kuphathwe ngokuguqulwa kofuzo okanye ukuguqulwa, okanye kwezinye iimeko ukuba i-agrochemicals kunye ne-agrotoxics zisetyenziselwa ukukhula kwazo.

Ngokwethiyori, yonke into eguqulwayo malunga nezilwanyana, indalo kunye nempilo yabantu Ngalo lonke ixesha gcina ulawulo olupheleleyo, kodwa akwaziwa ukuba uninzi lwale nkohliso lulungiselelwe ukunceda amanye amashishini. Yintoni abayikhuselayo kukuba ulawulo kunye iimeko kufuneka zizaliseke kwaye zihlonitshwe. Umyalelo waseYurophu we-1997 ufuna ukuba zonke iimveliso ze-transgenic zilawule:

• Kufuneka babonise ukuba baluncedo kwaye bayimfuneko.
• Ukuba zikhuselekile kwimpilo yabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo.
• Ukuba indaleko kunye neempawu zabo ziyaqhubeka zihlolisiswa, ekubeni kufuneka zicaciswe ukuze zigcinwe ekuhambeni kwexesha.
• Zonke iimveliso kufuneka zibe neleyibhile eneenkcukacha echaza ukuba ingaba imveliso iye yalungiswa na.