Kurwadziwa kweMar Menor, ecosystem iri munjodzi inogara iripo

Iyo Mar Menor, imwe yeakasarudzika ecosystem mune yedu geography, inogara mukutyisidzirwa nguva dzose. Izvi zvave zvakadaro kwemakore gumi apo kubudiswa kubva mumabasa ekurima uye zvipfuyo muCampo de Cartagena kwakakonzera kugadzirwa kwephytoplankton uye kuwedzera Ecological Disaster, imwe yemakuru munyika yedu.

Eutrophication yemvura yegungwa guru remvura yemunyu muEurope, rinotungamira kune dambudziko reanoxic rinokonzera kufa kukuru kwehove nemarudzi ese ezvipembenene zvemugungwa. Dambudziko rakakomba pamberi iyo hurumende dzakasiyana dzinotamba, kune shanduko, kupfuudza mbatatisi inopisa.

Gungwa Duku

Mar Menor idhamu, imwe yehukuru muMediterranean, iyo inotora anenge 13 mahekita emahombekombe eDunhu reMurcia. Yakaparadzaniswa neGungwa reMeditera nejecha remakiromita makumi maviri nemaviri rinonzi La Manga del Mar Menor.

Yakasarudzwa neUnited Nations se Specially Protected Area Yekukosha kuMedithera, inzvimbo ine kukosha kukuru kwezvakatipoteredza. Kusvika makore gumi apfuura, mvura yayo ye hypersaline uye crystalline yakaisiyanisa kubva kune mamwe akawanda eEuropean lagoons emahombekombe. Asi chii chakaitika kuchinja izvi?

Mabviro edambudziko

Iyo Mar Menor inotungamira makumi emakore achitambura nechisimba, kubva mukudzvinyirirwa kwekucherwa kwesimbi kusvika kune yezviitwa zvemumadhorobha uye neayo anosanganisirwa nevashanyi zvivakwa. Izvi zvakakanganisa dhamu, zvisinei, kushanda kwaro hakuna kushanduka zvakanyanya kusvika shanduko yehutongi hwezvekurima uye kubuda kwemvura muma80. Izvi ndizvo zvakakonzera kudonha kwedhamu mumakore achangopfuura.

Kubva kuma1980s, dhamu rakagamuchira huwandu hukuru hwezvinhu zvehupenyu uye chikafu kubva zvinobuda mumabasa ekurima uye zvekurima zveCampo de Cartagena. Uye ndezvokuti kunyange zvazvo mafetireza (nitrates uye phosphates) akadururwa munzvimbo dzokurimisa, anoguma nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana achisvika kudhamu uye eutrophicating mvura yaro kana kuti chii chakafanana, ichibudisa kuwanda kwezvikafu mairi.

Kwemakumi emakore akati wandei, iyo Mar Menor yakakwanisa kutora iyi kuwedzera kuwedzera kwekudya. Sei? Nenzira nhatu: denitrification munzvimbo dzine mvura, kubatwa ne phytobenthos uye gelatinous plankton kuputika. Nekudaro, muna 2016 haina kukwanisa kutora iyo zvimwe zvinovaka muviri kubva mumabrines mushure mekuchenesa mvura yepasi uye chiyero chakaputsika.

Kuwanda kwekudya kwakakonzeresa kugadzirwa kwe phytoplankton, algae asingaoneki anouraya nokuda kwezvinomera pasi pegungwa. Kusagadzikana kwemvura uye kusakwanisa kwechiedza kusvika pasi pegungwa zvakakonzera kuti mumwedzi mishomanana 85% yemvura yepasi pemvura yakanga yanyangarika. Zvese izvi zvakafa (zvirimwa nemhuka) zvaida huwandu hukuru hweokisijeni uye zvese izvi zvakatungamira kune ekutanga episodhi yeanoxic yakagumisa hupenyu hwehove nedzimwe mhuka dzakasiyana.

Migumisiro

Chronic eutrophication inochengeta Mar Menor kwenguva yakareba pamuganho we hypoxia. Chero chinhu (kunaya kwemvura kana kutonhora kwakanyanya, pakati pezvimwe) zvino gadzira anoxic matambudziko uye kufa kukuru kwehove nemhuka dzemugungwa dzisina mutsipa. Migumisiro yezvakatipoteredza naizvozvo inotyisa.

Mukuwedzera, iyo Mar Menor yakawanda vashoma vashanyi vanoyevedza. Dambudziko rezvakatipoteredza rinokwevera chikamu chekushanya icho chinorarama nekurasikirwa kweyambiro yenharaunda yesainzi. Uye ndezvekuti kudonha kweMar Menor, kwaita kuti ive panjodzi zvakanyanya. Nekuteuka kushoma pane kwakare, kukuvadzwa kwawanda.

Waiziva here dambudziko reMar Menor nemabviro ayo? Kudzoreredza Mar Menor lagoon harisi basa riri nyore asi zvinogoneka kana paine chishuwo chekuita zvimwe zviito nesimba.