da lipids kitse ne da makamantansu, waɗanda ake samu a tsirrai da dabbobi. Kamar carbohydrates da sunadarai, sun kasance ƙungiya mai mahimmanci kwayoyin kwayoyin halitta tare da amfani da magunguna da samar da nau'ikan kewayon abubuwa masu sinadarai.
Lipids ana haɗuwa, bisa mahimmanci, akan nasu halaye na solubility; a gaba ɗaya, suna narkewa a cikin ƙwayoyin halitta kamar ether da chloroform kuma ba su narkewa cikin ruwa.
Za a iya raba kitse a cikin rukuni biyar bisa ga tsarin sunadarai:
- Kafaffen mai da mai: Glycerin esters tare da mai mai. Misali man zaitun. Kafaffen mai wanda yake da ƙarfi a ɗumin ɗaki galibi ana kiransa maiko. Misalin man alade.
- Kakin zuma: Maɗaukakin kwayoyi masu nauyin monohydric masu dauke da kwayar mai mai nauyi. Misali kitsen da aka samo daga maniyyin whale.
- Sterols: Alcohols wanda ke dauke da tsari na al'ada na hanzarin phenanthrene (steroidal). Misalan cholesterol da ergosterol.
- Phospholipids: Esters sun kunshi glycerin, fatty acid, phosphoric acid da wasu mahaɗan nitrogenous. Mafi mahimmancin wannan rukuni sune lecithins.
- Glycolipids: Abubuwa ne da suka keɓe daga kwakwalwa da sauran hanyoyin da suke farawa daga hydrolysis na mai mai, galactose da nitrogenous mahadi. Saboda mafi yawan sukari da ake samu a cikin waɗannan mahaɗan shine galactose, ana kuma kiransu galactolipids. Wadannan mahadi basu da aikin magani.
Lipids suna yin nau'ikan ayyukan nazarin halittu:
- Aiki na tanadi makamashi.
- Función tsari samar da mai raba kuzari daga cikin ƙwayoyin salula, ban da ƙwayar adipose wanda ke ba da daidaito ga gabobin.
- Función tsarin mulki, sadarwar hormonal ko salon salula.
- Función mai daukar kaya. Safarar ruwan leda daga hanji zuwa makomarta ana yin ta ne ta hanyar emulsion dinta godiya ga bile acid da lipoproteins.
- Función Biocatalyst, fifitawa ko sauƙaƙe halayen kemikal a jikin mu.
Informationarin bayani - A bitamin
Source - Magungunan magani pharmacognosy