Menene abincin transgenic? Amfani da kasada

da abinci na transgenic duk waɗannan abinci ne waɗanda ke ɗauke da sinadarai ko waɗanda aka samar daga a gyaran kwayoyin halitta. Ta wannan hanyar za a iya samun wasu fa'idodi, waɗanda suka bambanta kuma za su dogara da kowane gyare-gyare.

An yi su tare da sakamako kuma shine don ƙirƙirar samfurin iri ɗaya tare da halayen da ake so. Amma akwai babban gardama a duk duniya game da fa'idodi da kasadar cin abinci mai canza launin fata. MatawithStyle.com Yana ba ku bayani game da batun don ku yanke shawarar wane matsayi ya ɗauka.

Yaya ake haifuwar abinci mai canzawa?

Gudanar da waɗannan abincin haifaffen 1983 tare da samar da na farko transgenic shuka. An ɗauki shekaru kafin a amince da sayar da abinci na farko a cikin 1994.

Daga yanzu An girma cikin adadin da aka fitar. Da alama an karbe shi sosai kuma a yau ya riga ya yadu a cikin amfanin gona a kusa Hectare miliyan 114,3 a cikin kasashe 23, da yawa daga cikinsu a karkashin ci gaba. A cikin Amurka, kashi 89% na shuka waken soya suna canzawa, haka kuma 83% na auduga da 61% na masara.

Wadanne ayyuka ne abincin transgenic ke da shi?

injiniyan kwayoyin halitta Ana yin ta ta hanyar tsirrai ko ƙwayoyin cuta da sauran ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta. Ana samun ta ne ta hanyar samar da wani gyaggyarwar kwayar halitta ko DNA daga shuka ko dabba, tare da sha'awar shigar da su cikin wasu dabbobi da tsirrai. Ta wannan hanyar, masana kimiyya suna ba wa kansu garantin zabar takamaiman kwayar halittar da za a dasa don haka ƙirƙirar sababbin abinci tare da halayen da ake so.

Fa'idodin amfanin GM shine:

• Ƙarin abinci mai gina jiki.
• Ƙarin abinci mai daɗi.
• Shuke-shuke resistant ga fari da cututtuka, wanda ke buƙatar ƙarancin albarkatun muhalli (ruwa, taki, da sauransu)
• Halittar shuke-shuke da suke mafi resistant zuwa herbicides. Ta wannan hanyar, kuma ba tare da kasancewar ganye ba, suna gasa mafi kyau a cikin ingantaccen ci gaba da godiya ga ruwa da abinci mai gina jiki.
• Rage yawan amfani da magungunan kashe qwari.
• Ya karu a samar da abinci a farashi mai rahusa kuma tare da mafi girma karko kafin sayarwa.
• Saurin girma cikin tsire-tsire da dabbobi, kasancewa da gwanintar amfani a cikin ƙasashe da yawa inda suke buƙatar hanzari. Alal misali, salmon GM yana ɗaukar rabin lokaci don girma fiye da kifin daji.
• Alimentos tare da ƙarin abubuwan da ake so, irin su dankalin turawa (dankali) wanda ke rage kitse idan an soya shi.
• abinci na magani wanda za'a iya amfani dashi azaman maganin rigakafi ko wasu magunguna.
• amfanin gona mafi resistant zuwa kwari da cututtuka halitta ta ƙwayoyin cuta, fungi da kwayoyin cuta. Wannan al’amari yana da matukar muhimmanci ganin cewa akwai kasashen da suke bukata saboda dimbin asarar da suka yi na tattalin arziki. An dasa kwayar cutar “Bacillus Thuringensis”, wacce ke aiki a matsayin maganin kwari da kuma kare amfanin gona. Sakamakon shine ƙirƙirar wannan shinge a cikin wasu tsire-tsire kuma yayi aiki azaman maganin kwari. Wannan kwayar cutar kuma tana rage matakan mycotoxin a cikin kunnuwa.

Haɗarin haɗarin shine, da sauransu:

• Tsire-tsire da dabbobi da aka gyara waɗanda za su iya samu canje-canjen kwayoyin halitta marasa zato da cutarwa.
• gyara halittu cewa suna iya yin cudanya da kwayoyin halitta kuma suna iya girma da su; wanda ke haifar da bacewar asalin halitta ko wasu illolin muhalli maras tabbas.
• tsire-tsire da za su iya zama ƙasa da juriya ga wasu kwari kuma mafi sauƙi ga wasu.
• da mummunar illa ga lafiyar ɗan adam: a koda yaushe akwai kungiyar da ke adawa da magudin abinci. Rubutunsa yana goyan bayan cewa gyare-gyarensa na iya haifar da allergies da sauran matsalolin lafiya. An nuna cewa rogo, da zarar an sarrafa shi idan ba a shirya shi daidai ba, na iya zama abinci mai kisa.
• Idan kuma akwai mummunan tasiri akan namun daji. Yin amfani da wasu magungunan ciyawa a kan amfanin gona da ke da juriya iri ɗaya ba wai kawai yana kawar da ciyawa ba, amma yana iya shafar namun daji. A wannan yanayin, zuwa pollinating kwari da kuma yadda suke da amfani ga flora.

Babu guda ɗaya a duniya ƙa'ida don amfani da kasuwancin abinci na transgenic. Ana jin wasu damuwa idan ana maganar sha a duniya. Ya zuwa yanzu babu wata kwakkwarar hujja da ke nuna cewa akwai manyan matsaloli don haka akwai wata hukuma da ke tantance amincewarta. Muna magana akai FDA, Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka, da Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Amurka. Suna ƙoƙarin kimanta amincin samfurin ƙarshe don karɓe shi tare da cikakken garanti tsakanin mutane, dabbobi, tsirrai da muhalli.

Tasirin ɗabi'a game da aikin su

Tare da ci gaban fasaha Kullum akwai murya ta biyu muryar da ta rage a kan sarrafa kwayoyin halittar abinci da ke yin barazana ga lafiyar jama'a. Damuwar da aka bayyana tana haifar da wasu cece-kuce, tun da ba sa ganin da’a ne a yi amfani da rini da ke sa kifin ya haskaka don kama shi da kyau ko kuma a yi amfani da launin shuɗi a masara don kawai ya fi kyau.

Masu fafutuka na sarrafa kwayoyin halittar abinci suna da'awar cewa ana kai hari kan lafiyar jama'a, tun da akwai fagage masu shakku iri-iri da har yanzu ba za su iya fayyace su ba da kuma inda kimiyya ba ta bayyana ba don iya fayyace su.

Akwai su da yawa cibiyoyin muhalli da muhalli ko ƙungiyoyi waɗanda ke ci gaba da tallafawa aikin noma na halitta da na halitta. Suna inganta cewa abincin yana da inganci kuma ba a kula da su tare da gyare-gyaren kwayoyin halitta ko gyare-gyare ba, ko kuma a wasu lokuta ana amfani da agrochemicals da agrotoxics don girma.

A ka'idar, duk abin da aka gyara game da dabba, muhalli da lafiyar ɗan adam ko da yaushe kiyaye cikakken iko, amma ba a san ko yawancin wannan magudin an shirya shi ne don amfanin wasu masana'antu ba. Abin da suke kare shi ne cewa iko da dole ne a cika kuma a mutunta sharudda. Umarnin Turai na 1997 yana buƙatar duk samfuran transgenic su ɗauki iko:

• Dole ne su nuna cewa suna da amfani kuma sun zama dole.
• Cewa suna da aminci ga lafiyar ɗan adam da muhalli.
• Cewa ana ci gaba da nazarin juyin halittarsu da halayensu, tunda dole ne a fayyace su domin a kiyaye su cikin lokaci.
• Duk samfuran dole ne su sami cikakken tambarin da ke ƙayyadaddun ko an gyaggyara samfurin ta hanyar gado.